Food Flashcards
Breaking down food
Ingestion Digestion Absorption Assimilation Egestion
The important foods
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Vitamins Minerals Fibre Water
Peristalsis
The way in which food moves through the gut
Enzymes
Break down food
Bile
Released to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats
Food
Used to grow, repair, fight diseases, stay healthy
Test for starch
Reddish brown iodine solution turns blue black
Test for sugar (glucose)
Blue Benedictus solution turns orange red when heated with sugars
Test for energy
Can be measured by burning it and using it to heat up a measured sample of water
Carbohydrates
are/of/do/in
Sugars and starches
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
energy
Bread, pasta, rice
Proteins
are/of/do/in
Long chains of amino acids
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
Body building
Meat, fish, cheese
Lipids
are/of/in
Stored energy
Fatty acids, glycerol, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Butter, corn oil, eggs
Vitamin A
Make chemicals in retina
Protects eye surface
And connective tissue
Vitamin A found in
Fish liver oils
Vitamin C
Sticks together cell lining surfaces in the body
Vitamin C found in
Fruit, vegetables
Vitamin D
Helps bones absorb calcium and phosphorus
Vitamin D found in
Fish liver oils, cream, butter
Calcium
Makes bones and teeth
Calcium found in
Dairy products, fish, bread, vegetables
Iron
Makes haemoglobin in red blood cells to carry oxygen
Water
Breaks up large molecules by hydrolysis
Carries substances around the body
Fibre
Gives muscles something to work on, absorbs water
Types of enzymes
Carbohydrase
Protease
Lipase
Carbohydrate found in
Pancreas
Small intestine
Stomach
What does carbohydrate act on
Starch
Product of carbohydrase
Glucose
Protease found in
Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine
Protease acts on
Proteins
Products of protease
Amino acids
Lipase found in
Pancreas
Small intestine
Lipase acts on
Lipids
Products of lipase
Fatty acids
Glycerol
Absorption
Products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine
Assimilation
Digested food products are absorbed into the cells of the body by diffusion and are assimilated
It is then used for energy and to build up into chemicals
Egestion
Water, undigested food, enzymes, dead cells, bile pigments and mucus move through the large intestine
Water is removed
Remaining material is passed out of the anus as faeces
