Gas exchange

Question 0

Alveoli characteristics

Answer 0

Large surface areas
Rich blood supply to remove from the alveoli
Rich blood supply to deliver carbon dioxide to the alveoli
Short diffusion distances between the air and the blood

Question 1

Gas exchange in the alveoli

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air in the alveoli
Oxygen diffuses for the air in the lungs into the blood
Oxygenated blood travels back to the heart to be pumped around the body

Question 2

Carbon monoxide

Answer 2

From smoking

Reduces the amount of oxygen carried in the blood, binds stronger with haemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin

Question 3

Smoking problems

Answer 3

Cilia are destroyed
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Carbon monoxide
Circulatory system effected

Question 4

Destroyed cilia

Answer 4

Dirt and bacteria not removed

Question 5

Emphysema

Answer 5

Alveoli walls damaged

Break down gases not exchanged efficiently

Question 6

Lung cancer

Answer 6

Tar causes cells to mutate

Forms cancers in the lung and heart

Question 7

Smoking effect on the circulatory system

Answer 7

Causes increased risks of heart attacks and strokes

Question 8

Breathing and gas exchange

Answer 8

Supply’s oxygen removes carbon dioxide

Depends on efficient diffusion of the gases

Question 9

Air enters lungs

Answer 9

Lungs have a lower pressure inside than outside
Volume of chest cavity expands
Diaphragm muscles contract- diaphragm flattens
External intercostal muscles contract, pulls ribs up and out

Question 10

Air pushed out of lungs

Answer 10

Lungs have higher pressure than outside body
Volume of chest cavity decreases
Diaphragm muscles relax- diaphragm becomes dome shaped
Internal intercostal muscles contract, pulling ribs down and in