Plants

Question 0

Geotropism experiment

Answer 0

Can be demonstrated using clinostate- holds the plant
Rotates in a verticals plane
Hormone accumulates where the plant bends

Question 1

Geotropisms

Answer 1

Gravity always acts downwards not he plant

Auxin levels appear to be part of the response

Question 2

Phototropisms

Answer 2

Due to a water-soluble chemical that is produced in the growing tip
Called auxins

Question 3

Auxin

Answer 3

Build up on the dark side of the root
The more auxins the more the plant cells grow
The shoot bends due to the side with the most auxins grows more

Question 4

Tropisms

Answer 4

Directional response by plants to stimuli from the environment
Towards or away from stimuli

Question 5

Phototropism

Answer 5

Responses of plants to light coming from one direction

Question 6

Geotropisms

Answer 6

Responses of plants to the force of gravity which always act downwards

Question 7

Plant movement

Answer 7

Move in response to stimuli (the world around them)

Don’t have a CNS

Question 8

Positive phototropism /negative geotropism

Answer 8

Stems

Question 9

Negative phototropism /positive geotropism

Answer 9

Roots

Question 10

Rate of transpiration

Answer 10

Controlled by the stomata

Question 11

Stomata

Answer 11

Open and close to allow gas exchange and to control the rate of water loss

Question 12

Transpiration

Answer 12

Water leaves the leaf as water vapour thought the stomata

It evaporates from the surface of the cells in the menophyll

Question 13

Water from xylem to menophyll by

Answer 13

Osmosis

Question 14

Water moved closer to the xylem by

Answer 14

Osmosis

Question 15

Water moved up the xylem

Answer 15

By being ‘pulled’ all the way from the roots by osmosis

Question 16

Transpiration stream

Answer 16

The continuous flow of water

Question 17

To measure transpiration

Answer 17

Use a potometer

Change light intensity, air flow, temperature

Question 18

Uptake of water

Answer 18

Roots are covered in hairs

Concentration of mineral ions in the soil water is lower than in the root cells cytoplasm

Question 19

Why are roots covered in hairs

Answer 19

To increase the surface area

Question 20

How does water enter the roots to the xylem

Answer 20

By osmosis
Across root cells to the xylem
Along a concentration gradient

Question 21

Uptake of minerals

Answer 21

Moved into the root hair cells against a concentration gradient
Done by active transport

Question 22

Minerals from roots to the xylem

Answer 22

Move along by diffusion and enter the xylem

Question 23

Diffusion

Answer 23

The movement of solute molecules down a concentration gradient
(High to low concentration)

Question 24

Osmosis

Answer 24

Diffusion through a partially permeable membrane | Movement of water down a concentration gradient

Question 25

Plant cell bathed in pure water

Answer 25

Water will move into the cell until it is turgid

Question 26

Plant cells placed in a more concentrated solution

Answer 26

Water moves out of the cell

Question 27

Plasmolysed

Answer 27

Excessive loss of water | Cytoplasm no longer pushes against the cell wall

Question 28

Wilting

Answer 28

Plasmolysed cells can no longer support the plant | Plant wilts so that it doesn't lose anymore water

Question 29

Osmosis is used for

Answer 29

Moving water in and out of living cells

Question 30

Transpiration affected by

Answer 30

Humidity, wind speed, temperature, light intensity

Question 31

Xylem

Answer 31

Made of dead cell walls | Transports water and mineral ions up from the roots to the rest of the plant

Question 32

Phloem

Answer 32

Made of living cells Transports sucrose (sugars) for energy And amino acids for cell building all around the plant

Question 33

Turgid

Answer 33

In dilute solution | Absorbs water by osmosis

Question 34

Flaccid

Answer 34

In concentrated solution | Loses water by osmosis

Question 35

Nitrates

Answer 35

For amino acids (built up into proteins)

Question 36

Magnesium

Answer 36

To make chlorophyll

Question 37

Adaptations of the leaf

Answer 37

Thin and flat Chloroplasts Large surface area

Question 38

Why is the leaf thin and flat

Answer 38

So as much light can be absorbed as possible | The distance that the gases need to diffuse are short

Question 39

Why does the leaf have a large surface area

Answer 39

For gas diffusion to allow gas exchange between leaf and air

Question 40

Test: photosynthesis, produces starch

Answer 40

Boil the leaf to kill it Boil in ethanol Test for starch using iodine solution

Question 41

Test: photosynthesis, due to oxygen

Answer 41

Use an aquatic plant in bright light capture the gas produced Analyse to find the raised oxygen levels

Question 42

Test: photosynthesis, chlorophyll is needed

Answer 42

Green/white leaf must be used

Question 43

Test: photosynthesis, carbon dioxide

Answer 43

Remove carbon dioxide from the air using soda lime

Question 44

Test: photosynthesis, light

Answer 44

Cover part of the leaf | Show starch wasn't made there

Question 45

Leaves make

Answer 45

Glucose from carbon dioxide and water

Question 46

Photosynthesis requires

Answer 46

Light and chlorophyll

Question 47

The energy from photosynthesis is captured by

Answer 47

Chlorophyll in chloroplasts

Question 48

Light Energy converted how (photosynthesis)

Answer 48

To chemical energy in the glucose

Question 49

Waste product of photosynthesis

Answer 49

Oxygen

Question 50

Glucose converted to what (photosynthesis)

Answer 50

``` Sucrose starch Cellulose Proteins DNA lipids Chlorophyll ```

Question 51

Glucose

Answer 51

Converted into sucrose | Transported round the plant

Question 52

Starch

Answer 52

To be stored

Question 53

Cellulose

Answer 53

For cell walls

Question 54

Lipids

Answer 54

As an energy store in seeds

Question 55

What type of energy is light energy

Answer 55

Chemical

Question 56

Equation for photosynthesis

Answer 56

Carbon dioxide + water ---light/chlorophyll---> glucose + oxygen

Question 57

Short equation for photosynthesis

Answer 57

6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6 H12 06 + 6O2

Question 58

Photosynthesis affected by

Answer 58

Carbon dioxide concentration Light intensity Temperature

Question 59

Mineral ions

Answer 59

For growth

Question 60

Nitrate ions

Answer 60

Make amino acids, build proteins

Question 61

Magnesium

Answer 61

To make chlorophyll