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Plants Flashcards

0
Q

Geotropism experiment

A

Can be demonstrated using clinostate- holds the plant
Rotates in a verticals plane
Hormone accumulates where the plant bends

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1
Q

Geotropisms

A

Gravity always acts downwards not he plant

Auxin levels appear to be part of the response

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2
Q

Phototropisms

A

Due to a water-soluble chemical that is produced in the growing tip
Called auxins

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3
Q

Auxin

A

Build up on the dark side of the root
The more auxins the more the plant cells grow
The shoot bends due to the side with the most auxins grows more

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4
Q

Tropisms

A

Directional response by plants to stimuli from the environment
Towards or away from stimuli

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5
Q

Phototropism

A

Responses of plants to light coming from one direction

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6
Q

Geotropisms

A

Responses of plants to the force of gravity which always act downwards

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7
Q

Plant movement

A

Move in response to stimuli (the world around them)

Don’t have a CNS

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8
Q

Positive phototropism /negative geotropism

A

Stems

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9
Q

Negative phototropism /positive geotropism

A

Roots

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10
Q

Rate of transpiration

A

Controlled by the stomata

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11
Q

Stomata

A

Open and close to allow gas exchange and to control the rate of water loss

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12
Q

Transpiration

A

Water leaves the leaf as water vapour thought the stomata

It evaporates from the surface of the cells in the menophyll

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13
Q

Water from xylem to menophyll by

A

Osmosis

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14
Q

Water moved closer to the xylem by

A

Osmosis

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15
Q

Water moved up the xylem

A

By being ‘pulled’ all the way from the roots by osmosis

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16
Q

Transpiration stream

A

The continuous flow of water

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17
Q

To measure transpiration

A

Use a potometer

Change light intensity, air flow, temperature

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18
Q

Uptake of water

A

Roots are covered in hairs

Concentration of mineral ions in the soil water is lower than in the root cells cytoplasm

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19
Q

Why are roots covered in hairs

A

To increase the surface area

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20
Q

How does water enter the roots to the xylem

A

By osmosis
Across root cells to the xylem
Along a concentration gradient

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21
Q

Uptake of minerals

A

Moved into the root hair cells against a concentration gradient
Done by active transport

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22
Q

Minerals from roots to the xylem

A

Move along by diffusion and enter the xylem

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23
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of solute molecules down a concentration gradient
(High to low concentration)

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24
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion through a partially permeable membrane

Movement of water down a concentration gradient

25
Q

Plant cell bathed in pure water

A

Water will move into the cell until it is turgid

26
Q

Plant cells placed in a more concentrated solution

A

Water moves out of the cell

27
Q

Plasmolysed

A

Excessive loss of water

Cytoplasm no longer pushes against the cell wall

28
Q

Wilting

A

Plasmolysed cells can no longer support the plant

Plant wilts so that it doesn’t lose anymore water

29
Q

Osmosis is used for

A

Moving water in and out of living cells

30
Q

Transpiration affected by

A

Humidity, wind speed, temperature, light intensity

31
Q

Xylem

A

Made of dead cell walls

Transports water and mineral ions up from the roots to the rest of the plant

32
Q

Phloem

A

Made of living cells
Transports sucrose (sugars) for energy
And amino acids for cell building all around the plant

33
Q

Turgid

A

In dilute solution

Absorbs water by osmosis

34
Q

Flaccid

A

In concentrated solution

Loses water by osmosis

35
Q

Nitrates

A

For amino acids (built up into proteins)

36
Q

Magnesium

A

To make chlorophyll

37
Q

Adaptations of the leaf

A

Thin and flat
Chloroplasts
Large surface area

38
Q

Why is the leaf thin and flat

A

So as much light can be absorbed as possible

The distance that the gases need to diffuse are short

39
Q

Why does the leaf have a large surface area

A

For gas diffusion to allow gas exchange between leaf and air

40
Q

Test: photosynthesis, produces starch

A

Boil the leaf to kill it
Boil in ethanol
Test for starch using iodine solution

41
Q

Test: photosynthesis, due to oxygen

A

Use an aquatic plant in bright light
capture the gas produced
Analyse to find the raised oxygen levels

42
Q

Test: photosynthesis, chlorophyll is needed

A

Green/white leaf must be used

43
Q

Test: photosynthesis, carbon dioxide

A

Remove carbon dioxide from the air using soda lime

44
Q

Test: photosynthesis, light

A

Cover part of the leaf

Show starch wasn’t made there

45
Q

Leaves make

A

Glucose from carbon dioxide and water

46
Q

Photosynthesis requires

A

Light and chlorophyll

47
Q

The energy from photosynthesis is captured by

A

Chlorophyll in chloroplasts

48
Q

Light Energy converted how (photosynthesis)

A

To chemical energy in the glucose

49
Q

Waste product of photosynthesis

50
Q

Glucose converted to what (photosynthesis)

A 
Sucrose
starch 
Cellulose
Proteins
DNA
lipids
Chlorophyll
51
Q

Glucose

A

Converted into sucrose

Transported round the plant

52
Q

Starch

A

To be stored

53
Q

Cellulose

A

For cell walls

54
Q

Lipids

A

As an energy store in seeds

55
Q

What type of energy is light energy

56
Q

Equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water —light/chlorophyll—> glucose + oxygen

57
Q

Short equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O ——> C6 H12 06 + 6O2

58
Q

Photosynthesis affected by

A

Carbon dioxide concentration
Light intensity
Temperature

59
Q

Mineral ions

A

For growth

60
Q

Nitrate ions

A

Make amino acids, build proteins

61
Q

Magnesium

A

To make chlorophyll

Biology (19 decks)

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