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F2 > The heart As A Pump > Flashcards

The heart As A Pump Flashcards

1
Q

Blood flows along a __________ gradient.

A

pressure

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2
Q

Blood flows from an area of __________ pressure to an area of __________ pressure.

A

high
low

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3
Q

__________ of the heart increases pressure.

A

Contraction

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4
Q

__________ of the heart decreases pressure.

A

Relaxation

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5
Q

During contraction the heart must generate _______ pressure in the ________ to pump blood to the whole body.

A

High
ventricles

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6
Q

One __________ and one __________ phase make up one cardiac cycle.

A

systole
diastole

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7
Q

Systole is when the heart __________ and pumps blood through the body.

A

contracts

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8
Q

Diastole is when the heart __________ and refills with blood.

A

relaxes

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9
Q

At rest one total cardiac cycle takes about __________ seconds.

A

0.8

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10
Q

Diastole lasts approximately __________ seconds at rest.

A

0.5

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11
Q

Systole lasts approximately __________ seconds at rest.

A

0.3

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12
Q

The average resting heart rate is about __________ BPM.

A

60

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13
Q

There are __________ phases in the cardiac cycle.

A

5

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14
Q

The five phases of the cardiac cycle are late __________, atrial __________, __________ ventricular contraction, ventricular __________, and __________ ventricular relaxation.

A

diastole
systole
isovolumic
ejection
isovolumic

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15
Q

Isovolumic ventricular contraction is vital for generating the pressure needed for__________.

A

blood flow

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16
Q

Phase 1 of the cardiac cycle is late __________.

A

diastole

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17
Q

During late diastole the heart is at __________.

A

rest

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18
Q

During late diastole both the atria and ventricles are __________.

A

relaxed

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19
Q

During late diastole the atria are passively __________ with blood

A

filling

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20
Q

As the ventricles __________ the AV valves open

A

relax

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21
Q

Approximately __________ of the blood flows passively by ________ into the ventricles.

A

80%
gravity

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22
Q

The _________ ventricles __________ to accommodate the entering blood.

A

relaxing
expand

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23
Q

Phase 2 of the cardiac cycle is atrial __________.

A

systole

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24
Q

During atrial systole ventricular filling is __________.

A

completed

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25
Q

The last __________ of blood enters the ventricles when the______ contract.

A

20%
atria

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26
Q

Atrial systole begins with a __________ wave that sweeps across the_________.

A

Depolarization
atria

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27
Q

The depolarization wave causes________ to __________ in the atria.

A

Pressure
increase

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28
Q

Increased pressure in the atria________ blood into the __________.

A

Pushes
ventricles

29
Q

A tiny amount of blood is pushed back into the __________ during atrial systole.

A

veins

30
Q

Phase 3 of the cardiac cycle is __________ ventricular contraction.

A

isovolumic

31
Q

The __________ heart sound occurs during isovolumic ventricular contraction.

A

first

32
Q

The first heart sound is the “__________” of the “lub-dub”.

A

Lub

33
Q

During isovolumic ventricular contraction the depolarization wave moves to the __________ and ventricular muscle contracts.

A

ventricles

34
Q

Ventricular muscle contracts from the __________ towards the __________.

A

base
apex

35
Q

Contracting ventricular muscle pushes on the underside of the __________ valves forcing them closed

A

AV

36
Q

During isovolumic ventricular contraction both the AV and __________ valves are closed.

A

semilunar

37
Q

As the ventricles continue to contract during isovolumic ventricular contraction pressure in the ventricles __________.

A

increases

38
Q

The increased pressure in the ventricles generates the driving pressure for blood __________.

A

flow

39
Q

While the ventricles contract the atrial muscle is __________ and pressure falls below pressure in the veins.

A

relaxing

40
Q

The pressure difference between the atria and veins allows blood to flow from the __________ into the __________.

A

veins
atria

41
Q

Phase 4 of the cardiac cycle is ventricular __________.

A

ejection

42
Q

During ventricular ejection the ventricles contract and generate enough __________ to open the semilunar valves.

A

pressure

43
Q

When the semilunar valves open blood rushes into the __________.

A

Arteries

44
Q

The pressure created by ventricular __________ is the driving force for blood flow.

A

contraction

45
Q

Blood flows from the ventricles to the arteries because pressure is __________ in the ventricles and __________ in the arteries.

A

higher
lower

46
Q

During ventricular ejection the AV valves remain __________ and the atria continue to __________.

A

closed
Fill

47
Q

Phase 5 of the cardiac cycle is __________

A

isovolumic ventricular relaxation.

48
Q

The __________ heart sound occurs during isovolumic ventricular relaxation.

A

second

49
Q

The second heart sound is the “__________”

A

DUB

50
Q

During isovolumic ventricular relaxation the ventricles begin to __________ and relax

A

Repolarise

51
Q

When pressure in the ventricles is lower than pressure in the arteries blood fills the __________ of the semilunar valves forcing them close

A

Cusps

52
Q

During isovolumic ventricular relaxation both the AV and __________ valves are closed.

A

semilunar

53
Q

As the ventricles continue to relax during_________ ________ ________, pressure in the ventricle becomes __________ than pressure in the atria.

A

isovolumic ventricular relaxation
Lower

54
Q

When ventricular pressure becomes lower than atrial the __________ valves open and the cycle begins again.

A

AV

55
Q

A __________ _________ visually represents the relationship between pressure and volume in the heart during the cardiac cycle.

A

pressure-volume curve

56
Q

The __________ is a vital organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

A

heart

57
Q

The heart ensures __________ delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissues.

A

efficient

58
Q

Understanding the __________ cycle and its phases provides insights into the heart’s function.

A

cardiac

59
Q

Each phase of the cardiac cycle involves specific changes in pressure and __________ within the heart chambers.

A

volume

60
Q

The intricate coordination of these phases ensures the __________ flow of blood.

A

unidirectional

61
Q

The heart sounds

A

“lub” and “dub

62
Q

What generates the pressure in the heart

A

The heart contraction

63
Q

Which stage of the cardiac cycle will both chambers be relaxed

A

Phase 1: late diastole

64
Q

Are the ventricles relaxed or contracted in the second stage of the cardiac cycle

A

Relaxed

65
Q

Are the ventricles relaxed or contracted in the second stage of the cardiac cycle

A

Relaxed

66
Q

At which phase can we expect to hear the first heat sound S1

A

Phase 3

67
Q

How is S1 produced

A

The contraction of the ventricles push against the bottom of the AV valves, forcing it to close; the closing action is what produces the sound

68
Q

How is S1 produced

A

The contraction of the ventricles push against the bottom of the AV valves, forcing it to close; the closing action is what produces the sound

69
Q

What is S1 called

A

LUB

F2 (7 decks)

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