The Heart and Major diseases Flashcards
What is Atherosclerosis
The build up of fats, cholesterol and other substances in the artery walls
What causes Atherosclerosis
- Smoking
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- High cholesterol
Brain attack
What is a stroke
Hemorrhagic - bleeing around or on the brain
Ischemic - loss of blood flow to the brain
Heart attack
What is myocardial infarction
Loss of blood supply which causes the death of tissue
What are the symptoms of a stroke
- Numbness
- Visual loss
- Sudden troubles walking
- Sudden instabilites
- Sudden inability to speak
What is a heart failure
Inability of the heart’s ability to keep up with the bodies demands
What are the symptoms of heart failure
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Edema (Swelling)
What causes Heart Failure
Ischemia - loss of blood flow
Post Partum - Child birth
Hypertension
Viruses
Describe the Pathway of blood through the heart
- Oxygen-poor blood from all over your body enters your right atrium through two large veins, your inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.
- Your tricuspid valve opens to let blood travel from your right atrium to your right ventricle.
- When your right ventricle is full it squeezes, which closes your tricuspid valve and opens your pulmonary valve.
- Blood flows through your pulmonary artery to your lungs, where it gets oxygen.
- Oxygen-rich blood travels from your lungs to your left atrium through large veins called pulmonary veins.
- Your mitral valve opens to send blood from your left atrium to your left ventricle.
- When your left ventricle is full it squeezes, which closes your mitral valve and opens your aortic valve.
- Your heart sends blood through your aortic valve to your aorta, where it flows to the rest of your body.
Chambers
What are the main parts of the heart
Left and right ventricle
Left and right atrium
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
What treatments are there for heart failure
Salt and fluid restrictions
Beta blockers
Mechanical pumps
Transplants
Define Arrythmia
A condition where the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm
Define the two differnet types of Arrythmia
Tachycardia - heart is beating too fast
Bradycardia - heart is beating too slow
State some consquences of Tachycardia
Reduced blood delivery
Loss of consciousness
Stroke
State treatments for Tachycardia
Drugs to slow the heart
Cather ablation
