Smoking

Question 1

Describe smoking use in developed countries in the past 2 centuries

Answer 1

Gradually increased and peaked around the mid/late 1900s before dropping

Question 2

How was tobacco used historically

Answer 2

Origins in the lands of mayan culture around 2000 B.C - it was smoked in pipes as leafs or chewed

Question 3

How was tobacco curing discovered

Answer 3

By a slave in North Carolina in 1839 - Accidentally used charcoal instead of wood to burn and the tobacco was cured in a new way

Question 4

Effects of this new method of curing

Answer 4

Made tobacco inhalable and so mild cigarettes were created and made very popular

Question 5

When and Who created the first cigarette rolling machine

Answer 5

James Albery Bonsack in 1880 - made cigarettes not such a luxury item anymore

Question 6

Describe the effects of nicotine

Answer 6

Triggers feelings of well being
Dopamine is secreted
Mood is improved and memory is influenced

Question 7

Define Addiction

Answer 7

Compulsive use of psychoactive drugs where physiological dependance may be present

Question 8

Define Physiological dependence

Answer 8

The physiological adaptation manifested by withdrawal symptoms after cessation of use

Question 9

State some nicotine withdrawal symptoms

Answer 9

Craving for tobacco
Irritability
Anxiety
Difficulty concentrating
Headaches and Drowsiness

Question 10

What methods were used in advertisement to make cigarettes more popular

Answer 10

Dentists,Babies and even Santa used on the covers
Kids were targeted via motion pictures

Question 11

State some health risks of smoking

Answer 11

Multiple cancers - lung, stomach, kidney
Chronic diseases - stroke, blindness, gum infection

Question 12

What methods/ actions were used to reduce the prevalence of smoking

Answer 12

1964 Surgeon General’s report - the start
1999 National Tobacco Control Program

Question 13

Define secondhand smoke

Answer 13

Passive inhaltion of smoke - when tobacco smoke enters an environment causing inhalation of it by others
900,000 deaths per year caused by passive smoking

Question 14

Define third-hand smoke

Answer 14

Residual tobacco smoke that clings to clothing, skin and hair

Question 15

Describe the conclusion that was found from the Swedish twins smoking experiment

Answer 15

Addictive behavior is a multistep process which does require a start up - The environment can affect the heritability

Question 16

Describe what the Swedish twins experiment was testing for

Answer 16

Analyzed the genetic contribution to smoking for women and men from 1920s-1950s measured in Swedish twins