Added Sugars

Question 1

Describe High Fructose Corn Syrup

Answer 1

Roughly half glucose and half fructose - essentially the same as sucrose

Question 2

What’s the difference between glucose, fructose and sucrose

Answer 2

None?

Question 3

State what is needed for internal glucose transport

Answer 3

Sodium - 1960 it was discovered by Robert Crane

Question 4

What effect did Robert Crane’s discovery have

Answer 4

Saved millions in the form of oral Rehydration therapy

Question 5

Describe how Fructose consumption and prevalence has increased rapidly

Answer 5

It’s cheap and sweet - highly addictive
Many major companies such as Coca-Cola switched to using it

Question 6

State an effect of increased fructose consumption

Answer 6

Increases in metabolic syndromes - Obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance

Question 7

State some ‘useful’ properties of High fructose corn syrup

Answer 7

Cheaper than granulated sugar
Significant source of low nutrition calories in many beverages

Question 8

Describe the invention of HFCS

Answer 8

1957 Method of converting Glucose to fructose discovered
1965 HFCS developed by Japanese and US Clinton company

Question 9

Describe the effect HFCS had on the economic world

Answer 9

Before HFCS, 90% of sweeteners were sucrose
By 1990, HFCS had been implemented into 42% of them

Question 10

Describe the different metabolism process for Fructose

Answer 10

High levels of Fructose can bypass the protective mechanism of converting fructose into glucose and instead goes to the liver

Question 11

State some consequences of this different metabolism process

Answer 11

Since first few stages of glycolysis is skipped
Fructose can turn into liver fat with no controls - leads to liver failure

Question 12

Describe how dose amount is important with fructose intake

Answer 12

Small and slow doses of fructose aren’t so bad since they can’t/don’t skip the early stages of glycolysis

Question 13

State some side effects of increased fructose intake

Answer 13

Colon cancer rose in young people from 1940-1990
enhanced Intestinal tumor growth
increased total mortality

Question 14

State a method that is used to try reduce fructose intake

Answer 14

Taxation on sugar sweetened beverages

Question 15

Describe a similarity between the food and tobacco industry

Answer 15

When data emerged that could hurt sales, both industries used their recourses to research alternative causations for diseases

Question 16

What’s worse solid or liquid fructose!

Answer 16

LIQUID!! They can’t be absorbed and converted into glucose, they go straight to the liver