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Human Body and Movement > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the heart?

A

Fibrous pericardium, serous pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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2
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, the trachea, the esophagus and the ascending aorta

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3
Q

Which direction does the apex of the heart face?

A

Inferolaterally towards the left

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4
Q

What is the general function of the left and right atriums?

A

Right receives blood from the rest of the body. Left receives blood from lungs.

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5
Q

What is the general function of the left and right ventricles?

A

Right discharges blood into the pulmonary trunk sending blood to the lungs (pulmonary circulation)
Left discharges blood into the aorta sending blood to the body (systemic circulation).

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6
Q

Which circulatory system is a low-pressure system?

A

Pulmonary circulation

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7
Q

Which circulatory system is a high-pressure system?

A

Systemic circulation

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8
Q

The valves between the atriums and the ventricles are called?

A

Atrioventricular - Tricuspid and Bicuspid

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9
Q

The valves between the ventricles and the blood vessels are called?

A

Pulmonary semilunar and aortic semilunar.

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10
Q

What is the vessel that carries blood to the heart from the head and arms?

A

Superior vena cava

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11
Q

What is the vessel that carries blood to the heart from the torso and legs

A

Inferior vena cava

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12
Q

What do the pulmonary veins do?

A

Transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

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13
Q

What do the pulmonary arteries do?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle.

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14
Q

What is unique about the aorta?

A

It is the largest single blood vessel in the body. It exits the left ventricle and transports oxygenated blood to the body.

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15
Q

What are the 2 general phases of a heart beat?

A

Systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation.

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16
Q

What does systole mean?

A

Contract

17
Q

What does diastole mean?

A

Relax

18
Q

Which part of the hear do the actions refer to?

A

Action of the ventricles.

19
Q

What are the 4 stages of the cardiac cycle?

A

Diastole: Rapid filling, atrial contraction
Systole: Isometric contraction, ejection.

20
Q

What do auto-rhythmic cells do?

A

They signal other cardiac muscles to contract. The signal is called action potential.

21
Q

What system generally regulates the heart beat?

A

The intrinsic conduction system.

22
Q

What are some factors that affect heart rate?

A

Hormones, Dehydration, Age, Gender, Exercise, Body temperature etc.

23
Q

What does ECG stand for?

A

Electrocardiograph

24
Q

The QRS segment (large peak) indicates which phase of the heart beat?

A

Ventricular depolarisation (ventricular contraction).

25
Q

How is cardiac output expressed?

A

The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute shows how efficiently the heart can meet the demands of the body (heart rate BPM x stroke volume ml/beat = cardiac output)

26
Q

True or false: Stroke volume can change drastically based on exercise or stress levels

A

True

27
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

The most common heart disease. The coronary arteries become narrowed with a build up of fatty materials.

28
Q

Explain pulmonary circulation

A

Blood in right ventricle - through pulmonary trunk - splits into right and left pulmonary arteries - enters lungs - blood receives oxygen and delivers carbon dioxide - blood leaves the lungs - enters left atrium via pulmonary veins.

29
Q

Explain systemic circulation

A

(Blood from lungs to body tissue) Blood from left atrium - left ventricle - exits via aorta - diverted into blood vessels - reaches tissue to deliver oxygen - picks up wasted CO2 - blood goes back to the heart via superior and inferior vena cavas.

30
Q

Blood flows from:

A

Areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

31
Q

Explain the electrical conduction system

A

Sinoatrial node (pacemaker) causes contraction of both atriums - the AV node receives signal - 100ms delay before passing on message which allows atria to complete pumping blood into the ventricles - signal travels through the bundle of his - divides into 2 bundle branches - signals purkinje fibres to contract the ventricles.

32
Q

What nervous system regulates the heart rate?

A

Autonomic nervous system.

Sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate.

Human Body and Movement (12 decks)

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