Central Nervous System

Question 1

True/False: The location of information processing is different for each individual

Answer 1

False - it’s the same

Question 2

True/False: The brain is a complex organ and we do not know everything about it yet

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the four major divisions of the brain?

Answer 3

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 4

What structure connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Answer 4

The corpus callosum

Question 5

What does the corpus collosum do?

Answer 5

Allows communication between the 2 atmospheres of the brain

Question 6

The bumps of the cerebrum are called?

Answer 6

Gyri

Question 7

The grooves of the cerebrum are called?

Answer 7

Sulci

Question 8

What is the occipital lobe associated with?

Answer 8

Vision

Question 9

What is the parietal lobe associated with?

Answer 9

Sensation of touch and language

Question 10

What is the temporal lobe associated with?

Answer 10

Receiving and processing sensory inputs, especially hearing

Question 11

What is the frontal lobe associated with?

Answer 11

Planning, attention, short term memory voluntary movement and motivation

Question 12

Where is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 12

Superficial layer of the cerebrum

Question 13

What is the cerebral cortex made of?

Answer 13

Grey matter

Question 14

What is grey matter?

Answer 14

Matter that is made up of dendrites and axon bodies

Question 15

What are the 3 functions of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 15

Sensory (touch, pressure, temperature)
Motor (deciding, planning)
Association (receive input from and send output)

Question 16

Where is the somaosensory area of the brain?

Answer 16

Parietal lobe

Question 17

Which part of the sensory area determines type, intensity, location or a stimulus?

Answer 17

The primary somatosensory cortex

Question 18

What part of the sensory area integrates new information with sorted (memory) information?

Answer 18

Somatosensory association area

Question 19

Which lobe is the motor cortex located in?

Answer 19

Frontal lobe

Question 20

What does the premotor area of the motor cortex do?

Answer 20

It’s where the panning of skeletal muscles occurs

Question 21

What does the primary motor cortex do?

Answer 21

Sends impulses down the spinal cord towards skeletal muscles

Question 22

Where is the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 22

Frontal lobe

Question 23

What can the prefrontal cortex do?

Answer 23

Integrative functions eg. Cognition, memory, planning etc.

Question 24

True/False: Basal nuclei are made of grey matter

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What common disease is associated with degeneration of the basal nuclei?

Answer 25

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 26

What are the 2 parts of the diencephalon?

Answer 26

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 27

Which part of the diencephalon regulates consciousness and sleep?

Answer 27

Thalamus

Question 28

Which part of the diencephalon controls the endocrine system?

Answer 28

Hypothalamus

Question 29

Where does the hypothalamus send signals for hormone release into the body?

Answer 29

To the pituitary gland

Question 30

What is the lambic system involved with?

Answer 30

Emotion, behaviour, motivation, long-term memory

Question 31

What are the parts of the brain stem?

Answer 31

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, spinal cord

Question 32

What does the brainstem do?

Answer 32

Connects the brain with the spinal cord. Process motor signals from the brain.

Question 33

What is the name given to the second largest structure of the brain, also called the ‘little brain’?

Answer 33

Cerebellum

Question 34

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

Answer 34

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, Pia mater

Question 35

What is the fluid produced by cells that protects the brain and spinal cord from blows and trauma?

Answer 35

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 36

What does the brain barrier (BBB) do?

Answer 36

Protection of the brain, it allows glucose, amino acids and some electrolytes to passively diffuse across

Question 37

What are some substances that affect the nerves cells in the brain by passing through the BBB?

Answer 37

Alcohol, cocaine and heroin

Question 38

What is the term associated to the brain’s ability to self repair?

Answer 38

Neuroplasticity

Question 39

Which bony feature does the spinal cord reside?

Answer 39

Through the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae

Question 40

How many spinal segments are there?

Answer 40

31

Question 41

True/False: The H-Shaped core of the spinal cord is made of white matter?

Answer 41

False - it’s grey matter

Question 42

Which neurons are found in the anterior horns of the spinal cord?

Answer 42

Motor neurons

Question 43

Where are the 2nd order (sensory) neurons found?

Answer 43

Posterior horns

Question 44

What neurons are found within the grey matter of the spinal cord?

Answer 44

Interneurons

Question 45

What do interneurons do?

Answer 45

Connects all segments of spinal cord

Question 46

What are spinal reflexes?

Answer 46

Autonomic responses to a change in environment

Question 47

What is typically an effector in a spinal reflex?

Answer 47

A muscle which produces a response

Question 48

Give an example of the crossed extensor reflex

Answer 48

When signals are sent to the opposite side of the body eg. Stepping on a pin and the opposite leg reflexing to extend