Revision Quiz Flashcards
The scapula an proximal humerus articulate at what joint?
Glenohumeral joint
Which joint is made up of the acromion process of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle?
Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)
Which anterior bone joins the two halves (left/right) of the pectoral girdle?
Manubrium of the sternum
What type of joint is the elbow (radius, ulna, humerus)?
Hinge
What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Pivot
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
Modified hinge
What type of joint is the mid-carpal joint?
Plane
What type of joint is the first (I) metacarpophalangeal joint?
Saddle
What type of joint are the (II-V) metacarpophalangeal joints?
Ellipsoid
Name a muscle involved in opening the hand
Abductor polices longus, extensor pollicis breves, dorsal interossei
Which nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve
The pinch, plate and tripod grips are all what classification of grip?
Precision grips
What bony feature fits inside the olecranon fossa?
Olecranon process
Triceps are responsible for what movement of the forearm?
Extension
Name the ligament that holds the head of the radius in contact with the radial notch
Annular ligament
Name a muscle responsible for knee flexion
Semimembranosis, semitendinosis (hamstrings)
Which intracapsular ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
The tibia, fibula and what bone articulate to form the ankle joint?
Talas
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
Hinge
What movement occurs when the side (bottom) of the foot is facing medially?
Inversion
Which bones contribute to pronation/supination of the foot?
Tarsals
What two bones articulate at the knee joint?
Distal femur, proximal tibia
Name a muscle responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis, extensor digitorum longus
Is blood oxygenated or unoxygenated when it is in the left ventricle?
Oxygenated
Where does the blood go after leaving the right ventricle?
Pulmonary arteries or the lungs
True or false: The heart has its own electrical conduction system?
True
What is the term used to describe the relationship between the concentration of oxygen in the alveoli and the capillaries?
Concentration gradient
Inspiration causes the pressure inside the lungs to increase or decrease?
Decrease but arguably increase
What muscle relaxes in order for expiration to occur?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
True or false: Kytocytes are a component of blood?
False
What is the type of muscle found in the arteries?
Smooth muscle
Are arteries or veins under high pressure?
Arteries
What is normal systolic blood pressure?
120 mmHg
Name the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary arteries
What system collects fluid leaked from the capillaries and returns it to the nervous system?
Lymphatic system
The smallest blood vessels are called?
Capillaries
What is the term used to describe blood clotting?
Coagulation
Approximately how much blood does an adult human have?
5 Litres
Which system carries unoxygenated blood to the heart?
Venous system
How thick are capillary walls?
One cell thick
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
CNS and PNS
Central and Peripheral nervous system
Which system is the autonomic nervous system part of?
PNS
The brain and spinal cord are part of which system?
CNS
Name a type of neuron
Sensory, motor or interneuron
Regions of myelinated axons are called?
White matter
What is the junction between two neutrons or between a neuron and its target cell?
Synapse
What is another name for the electrical signal transmitted with neutrons?
Action potential
When voltage gated channels open, do positive or negative charged ions enter the nerve cell?
Positive
True or false: The H-shaped core of the spinal cord is made up of dura matter.
False
Name the structure in the centre of the brain
Dienchphalon, thalamus or hypothalamus
Name the top part of the brain
Cerebrum
How long can neurons function?
A lifetime
What causes a channel protein tp open/close?
Neurotransmitters, voltage change, mechanical change
What voltage does the cell membrane need to reach in order for an action potential to begin?
-55mV
What is the voltage of the cell membrane at rest?
-70mV
Knee jerk, GTO, withdraw and crossed extensor are types of what?
Reflexes
True or false: The sympathetic nervous system reduces ventilation?
False
What structure detects dissolved chemicals in food or drink?
Gustatory receptors
What structure is sensitive to blue and green colours?
Rods
What is the fluid in front of the lens called?
Aqueous humour
Where are the smell receptors located?
Olfactory epithelium or the roof of the nasal cavity
What structure receives sound?
Ossicles