Blood Vessels And Haemodynamics

Question 1

Approximately how much blood is in the human body?

Answer 1

5 litres

Question 2

What are the 3 main functions of blood?

Answer 2

Distribution - transportation of nutrients, respiratory gasses, waste products and hormones
Regulation - regulates body temperature, fluid volume and blood pH
Protection - protection through blood clotting to prevent blood loss

Question 3

Blood is made up of which 4 components?

Answer 3

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 4

True or false: Blood cells originate from stem cells

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the term used to describe blood clotting?

Answer 5

Hemostasis.

Question 6

How many stages of haemostasis? What are they?

Answer 6

3: Vascular phase, platelet phase, coagulation (blood clotting)

Question 7

What’s are the layers of a blood vessel? (3)

Answer 7

Plasma
Buffs coat
Red blood cells

Question 8

Which layer is capable of vasoconstriction/dialation?

Answer 8

Smooth muscle, endothelial plasma membrane

Question 9

What is the vasa vasorum?

Answer 9

A blood supply in the outer layer of the blood vessel

Question 10

What is the function of the arterial system?

Answer 10

Carries blood away from the heart in high pressure

Carries the vital substances requires throughout the body

Question 11

What are the 2 types of arteries? What are their differences?

Answer 11

Elastic - allows large volumes of blood to exit the heart under high pressure
Muscular - allows increased vasoconstriction due to smooth muscle

Question 12

Which arterial structure contributes to 40% of the total peripheral resistance?

Answer 12

Arterioles

Question 13

What is the function of the venous system?

Answer 13

Carries blood from organs and tissues to the heart

Question 14

What feature do veins have that arteries do not?

Answer 14

Vein valves

Question 15

What are the purpose of the vein valves?

Answer 15

Ensures one way blood flow against downward pressure of gravity

Question 16

Which vascular structure connects the veins to the capillaries?

Answer 16

Venules

Question 17

What are capillaries?

Answer 17

The smallest blood vessels which provide substance exchange between blood and cells

Question 18

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 18

Connects to the venous system and recovers fluid that leaks from the vascular system back to the blood

Question 19

The lymphatic system is connected to the arterial or venous system?

Answer 19

Venous

Question 20

What are the levels of the arterial system? (4)

Answer 20

Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries

Question 21

What are the levels of the venous system? (4)

Answer 21

Capillaries, venules, small veins, large veins

Question 22

What is the average systolic pressure?

Answer 22

Under 120 mmHG (systemic circulation left ventricle)

Question 23

What is the average diastolic pressure?

Answer 23

Average 80mmHg (right ventricle)