The Heart Flashcards
What is diastole?
Begins with a period of ventricular elongation and filling
What is systole?
A period of ventricular shortening and emptying
How is the primary heart field developed?
Progenitor heart cells in epiblast (primitive ectoderm) of the third week embryo migrate though the primary streak and form the primary heart field (PHF) which forms the two Arita and most of the two ventricles in the lateral plate mesoderm
Day 15 and 18
Review heart embryology in notes.
Placeholder
What is the cardiogenic region?
The combined heart fields, primary heart field and secondary heart field
What does the secondary heart do?
Form the remainder of the hear and outflow tract not formed by PHF
Why does he right heart life anteriorly and the left heart posteriorly?
It’s a results of cardiac folding in the 4th week of intrauterine
What are the parts on the anterior or sternocostal surface?
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Atrio-ventricular groove
AVG
What is located on the posterior or base heart surface?
Mostly left atrium
What is located at the diaphragmatic surface of the heart?
Right and left ventricles and posterior interventricular groove (PIG)
What are the borders of the heart?
Superior: 3rd R CC to 2nd L CC
Inferior: right atrium and R ventricle from 6th cc parasternal to the site of apex bet at 5th L intercostal space MCL (5th LICS, MCL)
Right border: superior vena cava, right atrium, inferior vena cave from 3rd R CC to 6 R CC
Left: Left auricle and left ventricle from 2nd LCC to apex beat site (5th LIS, MCL)
Where is the apex beat or the site of maximum cardiac impulse?
5th intercostal space, mid-clavículas line (5th LICS, MCL)
Where is the AV node artery given off?
At the heart crux
What is the heart crux?
The point of intersection between inter-atrial (IAG), inter-ventricular (IVG) and atrio-ventricular grooves (AVG)
What is the atrioventricular node necessary for?
Excitation and contraction of the ventricles
Where is the atrium proper of the right atrium located?
Anteriorly next to the auricular appendage
-they are line by the pectinate muscle
What is the only part not derived from the venous part of the primitive heart tube (sinus venous) in the right atrium?
The posterior smooth willed sinus called the sinus venerum cavarum
Where is the sinoatrial node (SAN) located?
At the junction of SVC opening and superior end of crista terminalis
What are the crista terminalis?
Form the spine of the half comb and lies between the sinus venerum and pectinate muscle and between the opening of SVC and IVC
The opening of the coronary sinus lies between what 3 structures?
Fossa ovalis
IVC opening
Tricuspid valve opening
What is the fossa oval is?
A depression on the inter-atrial septum, where the foramen ovale used to be. It’s sharp margin is called limbus/annulus fossa ovalis
What is the tendon of todaro?
A part of the fibrous part of the heart, it runs from between the valves of IVC and Coronary sinus to the limbus foss oval is
What are the boundaries to the triangle of Koch?
Tendon of Todaro
Margin of orifice of coronary sinus
Septal leaflet of tricuspid valve
What lies in the middle of the triangle of Koch?
AVN
What chamber first received the freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary veins?
The left atrium
What forms the largest part of the sternocostal/anterior surface of the heart?
The right atrium
Where is the tricuspid valve?
Between the right atria and ventricle