Pleur And Pericardium

Question 1

Why is the parietal layer sensitive?

Answer 1

It is innervated by somatic nerves

Question 2

What kind of covering is the pericardium?

Answer 2

Fibro-serous

Question 3

What kind of covering is pleura?

Answer 3

Serous

Question 4

Where does the cervical part of the parietal pleura extend into?

Answer 4

Into the root of the neck (it is vulnerable here)

Question 5

What can lead to cardiac tamponade?

Answer 5

Pericardial effusion

Question 6

What recess is clinically useful in relieving pericrdial effusion?

Answer 6

Costomediastinal recess

Question 7

In stab injuries of the broken and in surgerys of the kidneys and spleen what may be damage?

Answer 7

The lungs

Question 8

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 8

The space between the pleural cavities or broad central partition between the pulmonary cavities

Question 9

What is the suprapleural membrane?

Answer 9

Fibrous endothoracic fascia that covers the cervical pleura

Question 10

What are the two layers of the pleura?

Answer 10

The visceral and parietal layers (they are continuous)

Question 11

The visceral pleura covers what organ while the parietal pleura adhere’s to what?

Answer 11

To the lungs, parietal pleura is adherent to the wall

Question 12

What line goes down the midline in the front side front side of the body?

Answer 12

Anterior mid line

Sternal line

Question 13

What line goes down the clavicle?

Answer 13

Midclavicular line

Question 14

What 3 lines are seen on the lateral side of the body?

Answer 14

Posterior axillary line

Mid axillary line

Anterior axillary line

Question 15

What 2 lines are seen on the back side of the body?

Answer 15

Posterior median line (PML)

Scapular line

Question 16

At what point does the lung cross the MCL?

Answer 16

CC6

Question 17

At what point does the lung reach the MAL

Answer 17

Cc8

Question 18

At what pout does the lung cross the SL/PVL?

Answer 18

CC10

Question 19

At what point does the Parietal pleura cross the MCL?

Answer 19

8th rib

Question 20

At what point does the parietal pleura cross the MAL?

Answer 20

10th rib

Question 21

At what point does the parietal pleura cross the SL/PVL?

Answer 21

12th rib

Question 22

At what point do the lungs meet and what path to they follow?

Answer 22

CC2 level and follow a straight path from CC2 to CC4 where they part ways

Question 23

After parting ways how do the left and right lung differ in their path?

Answer 23

Right lung goes straight down to CC6

Left takes a curvilinear to CC6

Question 24

Which costodiapgragmatic (costophrenic) recess is larger??

Answer 24

Left

Question 25

What is the costophrenic (costodiagphragmatic) angle?

Answer 25

A normal angle seen in the thoracic cavity between the diaphragm and the thoracic cavity

Question 26

Why s a posterior thoracocentesis not a viable option?

Answer 26

Between ribs 10 and 12 there are other organs such as spleen or kidney

Question 27

A thoracocentesis for pleura effusion a the mid axillary line is bet performed in which intercostal space?

Answer 27

Eight and ninth | Intercostal space 10 and 11 in the posterior side on VL

Question 28

What kind of sac is the pericardium?

Answer 28

A fibro-serous sac

Question 29

What are the two layers of the pericardium

Answer 29

The outer single layers fibrous pericardium The inner double-layered serous pericardium

Question 30

What can be found the base of the hearth between the great vessels?

Answer 30

Oblique pericardial sinus

Question 31

What is the innervation of the pericardium?

Answer 31

Phrenic nerve | Intercostal nerve

Question 32

Between what arteries and veins is the transverse pericardial sinus?

Answer 32

Superior vena cava Ascending aorta Pulmonary trunk (This space is used in cardiac surgery and to stop bleeding)

Question 33

How can you tell if the heart is enlarged?

Answer 33

Cardiothoracic ratio | -how much space it is taking up horizontally

Question 34

What is "shaggy" pericardium?

Answer 34

When there is a clear delineation of the heart within the pericardial sac

Question 35

Patients who come in with shock and penetrating chest injury have what until proven otherwise?

Answer 35

Cardiac involvement

Question 36

What is Beck's Triad?

Answer 36

Cardiac tamponade presents with a triad of Hypotension, jugular distensión and muffled heart sounds

Question 37

Where is pericardiocentesis done?

Answer 37

Infrasternal angle: needle is passed supero-posteriorly, aiming t the left shoulder - stay left and medial - stay low (infrasternal) - angle up

Question 38

Where would drainage for pericardioentesis occur if going into the bare area?

Answer 38

Left 5th or 6th ICS near the sternum, in the area of the cardiac notch of the left lung