The Heart

Question 1

The apex of the heart contracts the chest wall ____ : the heartbeat is most clearly felt her, and the site is called the ____.

Answer 1

Just below the left nipple;

Point of maximal intensity (PMI)

Question 2

The serious membrane which surrounds the heart is called the ____, the parietal layer of which lines the ____ in which it is enclosed. The visceral layer forms the outer surface of the hearts ____.

Answer 2

Serous pericardium;
Fibrous pericardium;
Wall

Question 3

The heart is found in ____ and two-thirds of it lies to the left of the ____ line.

Answer 3

The mediastinum;

Midsternal

Question 4

The muscular wall of the heart (which accounts for most of the hearts mass) is called the ____.

Answer 4

Myocardium.

Question 5

The hearts wall is composed of ____ blood-vessel-rich layers.

Answer 5

Three (3)

Question 6

The central layer of the hearts wall is called the ____.

Answer 6

Myocardium

Question 7

The outermost layer of the heart wall, the ____, is actually the ____.

Answer 7

Epicardium;

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

Question 8

The muscle fibers of the hearts wall are joined into rope like structures arranged in circular bundles held together by the ____ of the heart.

Answer 8

Fibrous skeleton

Question 9

In addition to reinforcing the mechanical structure of the heart, the fibrous skeleton of the heart also acts as ____ to control the direction of action potential propagation.

Answer 9

Electrical insulation.

Question 10

The ____ of the heart is the widest part; the ____ is the narrow end, which points toward the left hip.

Answer 10

Base;

Apex

Question 11

The inner lining of the heart and of blood vessels is a layer of squamous epithelium referred to as the ____.

Answer 11

Endothelium

Question 12

The two uppermost chambers of the heat are the ____.

Answer 12

Atria

Question 13

The two lowermost chambers of the heart are the ____.

Answer 13

Ventricles.

Question 14

The partition that separates the left and right chambers of the heart is called the ____. The upper part is the ____, and the lower part is the ____.

Answer 14

Septum;
Interatrial septum;
Interventricular septum

Question 15

The septa which separates the chambers of the heart create indentations called ____ (the plural of ____) which are visible on the hearts surface.

Answer 15

Sulci;

Sulcus

Question 16

The shallow groove separating the atria from the ventricles is called the ____ or ____.

Answer 16

Atrioventricular groove;

Coronary sulcus.

Question 17

The shallow grooves which mark the separation between the ventricles are the ____ (in the front) and the ____ (in the back).

Answer 17

Anterior interventricular sulcus;

Posterior interventricular sulcus.

Question 18

The sulci of the heart serve as channels in which ____ lie.

Answer 18

Blood vessels OR coronary arteries and veins.

Question 19

Inside, the ____ walls of the atria are smooth, while the ____ walls are ridged due to the presence of the comb-like strands of muscle called the ____ muscle.

Answer 19

Posterior;
Anterior;
Pectinate

Question 20

In the fetal heat, there is an opening between the two atria called the foremen ovale. The shallow indentation in the interatrial septum which marks this location in the adult is the ____.

Answer 20

Fossa ovalis

Question 21

The purpose of the muscular wall of each ____ is simply to pump blood from one chamber to the next, and so not much muscle is required.

Answer 21

Atrium.

Question 22

The right atrium receives blood from at least three veins: the superior and inferior ____ and the ____.

Answer 22

Vena cavae;

Coronary sinus.

Question 23

The ____ returns blood from body regions above the diaphragm.

Answer 23

Superior vena cava.

Question 24

The ____ returns blood from body regions below the diaphragm.

Answer 24

Inferior vena cava.

Question 25

The ____ collects blood from the majority of the greater cardiac veins, and delivers it into the ____, near the fossa ovalis.

Answer 25

Coronary sinus;

Right atrium.

Question 26

The ____ receives blood that has just left the lungs.

Answer 26

Left atrium.

Question 27

The word ____ refers to lungs, and so the veins entering the heart from the lungs are called the ____.

Answer 27

Pulmonary;

Pulmonary veins.

Question 28

Most of the hearts volume is due to ____ .

Answer 28

The ventricles.

Question 29

The word ____ means “crossbar”, and has been seen before if one has studied bone.

Answer 29

Trabecula.

Question 30

The inner walls of the ventricles of the heart are marked by ridges of muscle called ____, which means ____.

Answer 30

Trabeculae carnae;

Crossbars of flesh.

Question 31

Nippled-shaped muscles called ____ project from the inner walls of the ventricle toward the atrioventricular valves, and prevent the valves from opening backwards during each heartbeat.

Answer 31

Papillary muscles.

Question 32

The ____ pumps blood. To the lungs; the ____ , to the body via a huge artery called the aorta.

Answer 32

Right ventricle;

Left ventricle.

Question 33

The amount of force required to pump blood through the entire body is greater than the force needed to pump blood through the lungs or from atria to ventricles, and so the strongest muscles of the heart form the myocardium of the ____.

Answer 33

Left ventricle.

Question 34

True or false.

In adults with normal blood flow, blood moves from one side of the heart to the other through openings in the septa.

Answer 34

FALSE.