Blood Vessels

Question 1

____ carry blood toward the heart.

Answer 1

Veins.

Question 2

____ are the smallest blood vessels, through the walls of which gases and nutrients are exchanged with tissues.

Answer 2

Capillaries.

Question 3

____ are the walls of blood vessels, while ____ is the central space through which blood flows.

Answer 3

Tunics;

The lumen.

Question 4

The innermost wall of the blood vessels is called the ____ or ____.

Answer 4

Tunica interna;

Tunica intima

Question 5

____ carry blood away from the heart.

Answer 5

Arteries

Question 6

The tunica intima consists of ____, which is surrounded, in larger vessels, by a thin layer of connective tissue.

Answer 6

Simple squamous epithelium (OR endothelium)

Question 7

____ is the middle tunic of blood vessels, and primarily consists of a mixture of ____ and ____.

Answer 7

Tunica media;
Smooth muscle;
Elastin.

Question 8

The ____ (also called ____) refers to the outermost layer of the blood vessel wall.

Answer 8

Tunica externa;

Tunica adventitia.

Question 9

Larger blood vessels are anchored to the surrounding tissue by their outermost layer, which is composed mostly of ____.

Answer 9

Loosely woven collagen fibers.

Question 10

In larger vessels, the outermost layer is too far from the blood it carries to exchange gases or chemicals, and so they have their own blood supply: the ____.

Answer 10

Vasa vasorum.

Question 11

Nerve fibers,lymphatic vessels, and in large veins, elastin fibers are found in the ____ of the blood vessels.

Answer 11

Tunica externa OR tunica adventitia.

Question 12

Arteries are classified into three types: ____, ____ and ____.

Answer 12

Elastic artery;
Muscular artery;
Arteriole.

Question 13

Veins are classified into two types: ____ and ____.

Answer 13

Venule;

Vein.

Question 14

____ connect arterioles to venules.

Answer 14

Capillaries.

Question 15

____ arteries are thick-walled arteries nearest the heart, and functions as shock-absorbers to minimize the difference between ____ and ____ blood pressure.

Answer 15

Elastic;
Systolic;
Diastolic.

Question 16

Elastic arteries are sometimes referred to as ____.

Answer 16

Conducting arteries.

Question 17

Muscular arteries have more ____ and less ____ than elastic arteries.

Answer 17

Smooth muscle;

Elastic tissue.

Question 18

The purpose of muscular arteries is to ____.

Answer 18

Distribute blood.

Question 19

Another name for muscular arteries is ____.

Answer 19

Distributing arteries.

Question 20

____, also called ____, are the smallest arteries.

Answer 20

Arterioles;

Resistance vessels.

Question 21

____ refers to the narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels due to contraction of smooth muscles in the blood vessel walls, while ____ refers to the widening of the lumen due to their relaxation.

Answer 21

Vasoconstriction;

Vasodilation.

Question 22

Capillaries are so small that in some cases a(n) ____ spans the entire circumference of the capillary wall, and RBCs must ____ to travel though.

Answer 22

Single cell;

Deform slightly.

Question 23

In general, nutrient and waste exchange and gas exchange occurs by ____, but there are exceptions.

Answer 23

Diffusion across capillary walls.

Question 24

(True or false)

Cartilage and epithelia receive their nutrients from an extensive capillary bed.

Answer 24

FALSE

Cartilage and epithelia have no capillaries.

Question 25

The avascular cornea and lens of the eye receive nutrients and exchange gases with the ____.

Answer 25

Aqueous humor.

Question 26

____ capillaries are abundant in the skin and muscles.

Answer 26

Continuous.

Question 27

____ capillaries are the most common.

Answer 27

Continuous.

Question 28

Endothelial cells in ____ capillaries are joined together by tight junctions, and are separated only by rare gaps called ____ which allow fluid and very small solutes to pass.

Answer 28

Continuous;

Intercellular clefts.

Question 29

Continuous capillaries in the brain are unique in that they lack ____. As a result, even fluids and very small solutes ____.

Answer 29

Intercellular clefts;

Can it cross the capillary wall.

Question 30

Capillaries which contain oval pores called ____ though which fluids and solutes pass with ease are called ____.

Answer 30

Fenestrations;

Fenestrated capillaries.