Fluid & Electrolytes

Question 1

____ is ~ 65% water by weight, while ____ is only ~20% water by weight: the relative proportion of these tissues controls the proportion of the body that is composed of water.

Answer 1

Muscle;

Adipose tissue OR Fat

Question 2

In a relatively lean individual, about 2/3 of their body water is ____, and roughly 1/3 is ____.

Answer 2

Intracellular;

Extracellular.

Question 3

Extracellular fluid consists of fluid in two compartments: ____ and ____.

Answer 3

Interstitial fluid;

Blood plasma.

Question 4

____ fluid is a broad term which is usually taken to include CSF, serous fluid, Lymph, ect.

Answer 4

Interstitial

Question 5

Total body water (as a percent of body mass) ____ from birth to old age.

Answer 5

Declines.

Question 6

Substances which are dissolved in the body’s fluid are divided into two classes: ____, which ionize, and ____, which do not ionize. Ions, of course, are able to ____.

Answer 6

Electrolytes;
Non-electrolytes;
Conduct an electric current.

Question 7

Because it dissociates into two particles in solution, a mole of NaCl contributes more to ____ than a mole of glucose. Such dissociation is common to many electrolytes and must be considered when calculating the ____.

Answer 7

Osmotic pressure;

Tonicity if a solution.

Question 8

When ions are dissolved in solution, their concentration is often measured in ____, which is a measure of the number of ____ per ____.

Answer 8

Miliequivalents;
Charges;
Liter.

Question 9

The major cation in extracellular fluid is ____, and the major anions are ____ and ____.

Answer 9

Sodium;
Chloride;
Bicarbonate.

Question 10

The only cation in the extracellular fluid which makes an important contribution to osmotic pressure is ____.

Answer 10

Sodium.

Question 11

Under the conditions normally found in the body, most proteins have a net ____ charge and so are ____ .

Answer 11

Potassium;
Hydrogen phosphate;
Negatively charged proteins.

Question 12

The major cation in intracellular fluid is ____, and the major anions are ____ and ____.

Answer 12

Potassium;
Hydrogen phosphate;
Negatively charged proteins.

Question 13

The volume of intracellular fluid is determined in large part by the osmolarity of the ____, which is in turn determined primarily by the ____ content of the body.

Answer 13

Extracellular fluid (ECF) sodium.

Question 14

Water loss which is unavoidable (due to the evaporation from the lungs during breathing, ect.) is ____ water loss.

Answer 14

Insensible.

Question 15

____ water loss accounts for about 1/3 of the daily water loss (and water lost must, of course, be replaced).

Answer 15

Insensible.

Question 16

Water lost in ____ and ____ accounts for roughly 1/10 of the daily water loss (which needs to be replaced).

Answer 16

Feces;

Sweat.

Question 17

Water lost in ____ accounts for almost 2/3 of the daily water loss (which bees to be replaced).

Answer 17

Urine.

Question 18

Changes in ____ is the primary trigger for release of ADH and for the sensation of thirst.

Answer 18

Plasma osmolarity.

Question 19

____ in plasma osmolarity inhibit the release of ADH and prevent the sensation of thirst.

Answer 19

Declines.

Question 20

The primary sensors for hydration which control conservation of water or the sensation of thirst are the ____ in the ____.

Answer 20

Osmoreceptors;

Hypothalamus.