Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards
____ is ~ 65% water by weight, while ____ is only ~20% water by weight: the relative proportion of these tissues controls the proportion of the body that is composed of water.
Muscle;
Adipose tissue OR Fat
In a relatively lean individual, about 2/3 of their body water is ____, and roughly 1/3 is ____.
Intracellular;
Extracellular.
Extracellular fluid consists of fluid in two compartments: ____ and ____.
Interstitial fluid;
Blood plasma.
____ fluid is a broad term which is usually taken to include CSF, serous fluid, Lymph, ect.
Interstitial
Total body water (as a percent of body mass) ____ from birth to old age.
Declines.
Substances which are dissolved in the body’s fluid are divided into two classes: ____, which ionize, and ____, which do not ionize. Ions, of course, are able to ____.
Electrolytes;
Non-electrolytes;
Conduct an electric current.
Because it dissociates into two particles in solution, a mole of NaCl contributes more to ____ than a mole of glucose. Such dissociation is common to many electrolytes and must be considered when calculating the ____.
Osmotic pressure;
Tonicity if a solution.
When ions are dissolved in solution, their concentration is often measured in ____, which is a measure of the number of ____ per ____.
Miliequivalents;
Charges;
Liter.
The major cation in extracellular fluid is ____, and the major anions are ____ and ____.
Sodium;
Chloride;
Bicarbonate.
The only cation in the extracellular fluid which makes an important contribution to osmotic pressure is ____.
Sodium.
Under the conditions normally found in the body, most proteins have a net ____ charge and so are ____ .
Potassium;
Hydrogen phosphate;
Negatively charged proteins.
The major cation in intracellular fluid is ____, and the major anions are ____ and ____.
Potassium;
Hydrogen phosphate;
Negatively charged proteins.
The volume of intracellular fluid is determined in large part by the osmolarity of the ____, which is in turn determined primarily by the ____ content of the body.
Extracellular fluid (ECF) sodium.
Water loss which is unavoidable (due to the evaporation from the lungs during breathing, ect.) is ____ water loss.
Insensible.
____ water loss accounts for about 1/3 of the daily water loss (and water lost must, of course, be replaced).
Insensible.
Water lost in ____ and ____ accounts for roughly 1/10 of the daily water loss (which needs to be replaced).
Feces;
Sweat.
Water lost in ____ accounts for almost 2/3 of the daily water loss (which bees to be replaced).
Urine.
Changes in ____ is the primary trigger for release of ADH and for the sensation of thirst.
Plasma osmolarity.
____ in plasma osmolarity inhibit the release of ADH and prevent the sensation of thirst.
Declines.
The primary sensors for hydration which control conservation of water or the sensation of thirst are the ____ in the ____.
Osmoreceptors;
Hypothalamus.
