pH Flashcards
A buffer is a substance which, when in solution, is able to ____, so that the ____.
Bind or release hydrogen ions;
pH remains nearly constant.
The strength of an acid or base refers to its ____; a strong acid, for example, will ____ in water.
Ability to ionize ;
Completely dissociate to give free H+
The strict definition of ____ means a blood pH that is too low, while ____ refers to the conditions that promote to lowering the blood pH. However, in actual practice, the two terms are often treated as synonyms.
Acidemia;
Acidosis.
pH is the measure of the concentration of the ____.
Free hydrogen ions in a water-based solution.
The strict definition of ____ means a blood pH that is too low, while ____ refers to the conditions that or note the lowering of blood pH. However, in actual practice, two terms are often treated as synonyms.
Acidemia;
Acidosis.
The normal pH of arterial blood is ____. If the pH drops more than 0.05 units, the person has ____; if instead it rises more than 0.05 pH units, the person has ____.
7.40;
Acidemia;
Alkalemia.
The pH if the body’s fluids must be tightly controlled: two major effects of shifts in pH are changes in ____ and ____.
Protein folding;
Electrolyte distribution.
____ in the blood respond almost instantly to small changes in pH. Their levels can be altered by two of the body systems: the ____ and ____.
Buffers;
Kidneys;
Lungs.
There are three major chemical buffer systems in the body: the bicarbonate buffer system in the ____, the phosphate buffer system in the ____ and ____, and the protein buffer system in the ____.
ECF;
ICF;
Urine;
ICF.
When hydrogen ions are added to a bicarbonate buffer system in the body, they bind to ____ to form ____.
Bicarbonate;
Carbonic acid.
When hydrogen ions are removed from a bicarbonate buffer system in the body, _____ releases hydrogen ions which replace those that were removed.
Carbonic acid.
When hydrogen ions are added to a phosphate buffer system in the body, they bind to ____ to form ____.
Hydrogen phosphate;
Dihydrogen phosphate.
When hydrogen ions are removed from a phosphate buffer system in the body, ____ release hydrogen ions which replace those that were removed.
Dihydrogen phosphate.
When hydrogen ions are added to a protein buffer system in the body, they bind to the side-chains of ____ and _____.
Histidine;
Cysteine.
When hydrogen ions are removed from a protein buffer system in the body, the side-chains of _____ and _____ release hydrogen ions to replace those that were removed.
Histidine;
Cysteine.
