The HEART #2 Block 1 Flashcards
how do you measure electrical activity of the heart
with ECG
what are the five waves of ECG
p q s r t
contraction of the ventricles begins where
at the apex
p wave?
the impulses that spread across the atria, triggering atrial contraction
what does t eve measure
ventricle return to resting state
QRS complex measure?
impulse that spreads to ventricles, triggering ventricular contraction
damage of the conducting system of the heart can lead to what
a heart block
and delay of the electrical signals of the heart. Patient will also not pump enough blood into the aorta
what is arterial or ventricular fibrillation?
a cardiac arrythmia thats results in irregular incoordination contractions of the atria or ventricular muscle
heart block requires what?
a pacemaker
if there is a ventricular fibrillation patients will?
die
if there is atrial fibrillation patent can ?
live
what atrium is smaller and has thicker walls and has smooth walls?
the left atrium
what is the most posterior of the four chambers
the left atrium
what part of the heart receives oxygenated blood through the four pulmonary veins
the left atrium
lots of diseases and problems happen where in the heart
left atrium
the right ventricle contains what?
papillary muscles and trabeculae carnea cordis
the muscular regions of the myocardium in the ventricles are called what
trabeculae carneae cordis
te role of the papillary muscles do what
contract and tighten the chord tendinea and prevents the cusps of the tricuspid valve from being everted ingot he atrium
what are the three papillary muscles
anterior, posterior and septal
chordae tenidinea are where
in the right ventricel
cornus arteriosus ( Infundibulium) is the beginnig of what
the pulmonary trunk
what is the septomarginal trabecula ( moderator Band)
it helps the pericardium prevent over distention of the right ventricle
when will patient develop block of the right branch of the bundle of his
if septomarginal trabecula are damaged
what are the two parts of the IV Septum
muscular and membranous
where is it common to have ventricular septal defects?
the membranous part of the IV septum
what is the number one congenital deffect of the heart
VSD- ventricular septal defect
what is the exist portion of the right ventricle
the conus anteriosus
left ventricle is dived into what?
left ventricle proper
aortic vestibule
what wall is in left ventricle
bicuspid wall
what kind of wall is in the right ventricle
tricuspid wall
where is the pulmonary valve
in the pulmonary trunk and is on the level of the 3rd costal cartilage
where will you hear the pulmonary valve
most audible over the 2nd left intercostal space
which valve closes later
the aortic wall closes first because blood pressure is higher there, and the pulmonary valve closes a little after
there are more common disease in what valve
aortic valve
where is the best place to hear the aortic valve
from the right 2nd inter costal space
the aortic valve has how many cusps
3
where is the coronary sinus
the space between aortic wall and the cusp
the tricuspid valve lies where
between the right atrium and ventricle
when we have problems with tricuspid wall what helps out
the bicuspid wall
if someone has a problem with their tricuspid wall what may the patient be doing
they may be a drug abuser
bicuspid valve is also called..
mitral valve
the bicuspid valve is between what
left atrium and left ventricle
where is the bicuspid valve most audible
near the apex of the heart (5th intercostal line)
what is myocardial infarction
necrosis of the myocardium because of local ischemia resulting from vasopasm or obstruction of the blood supply
what are some symptoms of myocardial infarction
chest pain that is more then 30 minuets
congestive heart failure, murmur of the mitral regurgtitation
what is the difference between angina pectoris
and myocardial infarction
no necrosis
what is characterized by attics of chest pain that originate in the heart and are felt beneath the sternum and causes pain in the left shoulder and down the arm
angina pectoris
what is the condition in which the valve everts into the left atrium and thus fails to close properly
mitral valve prolapse
( inflammation of the valve) what is known as an infection of the endcardium of the heart and most commonly involves the heart valves and is caused by a cluster of bacteria in the valves
endocarditis
what can cause inflammation of the valves
bacteria or autoimmune disease
when does the valve loose capacity to close or shut tightly because of bacteria clusters
endocarditis
what is the number one cause of death in U.S
blockage of the coronary arteries
coronary arteries arise from what
the ascending aorta
when do coronary arteries get maximum blood
diastole
one of the first things you need to do in patients to improve blood to the heart
is decrease the heart rate
right and left coronary arteries have what
branches
SA nodal Artery gets blood supply from where
right coronary artery
which arteries are visible
marginal arteries and Posteror Descending Artery
what is the number one artery that is blocked during myocardial infarct?
Anterior IV Artery ( left coronary artery)
circumflex supply what
left ventricle lateral wall and left atrium
the right coronary artery gives rise to what
large posterior interventricular branch
which coronary artery dominates in supplying blood to posterior of heart
the right artery
the number one vein of the heart? the biggest
the coronary sinus
what vein leis in the coronary sulcus
the coronary sinus
Where are the Coronary sinus, great cardiac vein, and Middle Cardiac Vein
show on picture
where is the source of the cardiac plexus
the sympathetic nerve
