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Anatomy (COLLECTIVE) > The HEART #2 Block 1 > Flashcards

The HEART #2 Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how do you measure electrical activity of the heart

A

with ECG

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2
Q

what are the five waves of ECG

A 
p
q
s
r
t
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3
Q

contraction of the ventricles begins where

A

at the apex

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4
Q

p wave?

A

the impulses that spread across the atria, triggering atrial contraction

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5
Q

what does t eve measure

A

ventricle return to resting state

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6
Q

QRS complex measure?

A

impulse that spreads to ventricles, triggering ventricular contraction

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7
Q

damage of the conducting system of the heart can lead to what

A

a heart block

and delay of the electrical signals of the heart. Patient will also not pump enough blood into the aorta

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8
Q

what is arterial or ventricular fibrillation?

A

a cardiac arrythmia thats results in irregular incoordination contractions of the atria or ventricular muscle

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9
Q

heart block requires what?

A

a pacemaker

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10
Q

if there is a ventricular fibrillation patients will?

A

die

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11
Q

if there is atrial fibrillation patent can ?

A

live

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12
Q

what atrium is smaller and has thicker walls and has smooth walls?

A

the left atrium

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13
Q

what is the most posterior of the four chambers

A

the left atrium

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14
Q

what part of the heart receives oxygenated blood through the four pulmonary veins

A

the left atrium

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15
Q

lots of diseases and problems happen where in the heart

A

left atrium

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16
Q

the right ventricle contains what?

A

papillary muscles and trabeculae carnea cordis

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17
Q

the muscular regions of the myocardium in the ventricles are called what

A

trabeculae carneae cordis

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18
Q

te role of the papillary muscles do what

A

contract and tighten the chord tendinea and prevents the cusps of the tricuspid valve from being everted ingot he atrium

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19
Q

what are the three papillary muscles

A

anterior, posterior and septal

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20
Q

chordae tenidinea are where

A

in the right ventricel

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21
Q

cornus arteriosus ( Infundibulium) is the beginnig of what

A

the pulmonary trunk

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22
Q

what is the septomarginal trabecula ( moderator Band)

A

it helps the pericardium prevent over distention of the right ventricle

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23
Q

when will patient develop block of the right branch of the bundle of his

A

if septomarginal trabecula are damaged

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24
Q

what are the two parts of the IV Septum

A

muscular and membranous

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25
Q

where is it common to have ventricular septal defects?

A

the membranous part of the IV septum

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26
Q

what is the number one congenital deffect of the heart

A

VSD- ventricular septal defect

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27
Q

what is the exist portion of the right ventricle

A

the conus anteriosus

28
Q

left ventricle is dived into what?

A

left ventricle proper

aortic vestibule

29
Q

what wall is in left ventricle

A

bicuspid wall

30
Q

what kind of wall is in the right ventricle

A

tricuspid wall

31
Q

where is the pulmonary valve

A

in the pulmonary trunk and is on the level of the 3rd costal cartilage

32
Q

where will you hear the pulmonary valve

A

most audible over the 2nd left intercostal space

33
Q

which valve closes later

A

the aortic wall closes first because blood pressure is higher there, and the pulmonary valve closes a little after

34
Q

there are more common disease in what valve

A

aortic valve

35
Q

where is the best place to hear the aortic valve

A

from the right 2nd inter costal space

36
Q

the aortic valve has how many cusps

A

3

37
Q

where is the coronary sinus

A

the space between aortic wall and the cusp

38
Q

the tricuspid valve lies where

A

between the right atrium and ventricle

39
Q

when we have problems with tricuspid wall what helps out

A

the bicuspid wall

40
Q

if someone has a problem with their tricuspid wall what may the patient be doing

A

they may be a drug abuser

41
Q

bicuspid valve is also called..

A

mitral valve

42
Q

the bicuspid valve is between what

A

left atrium and left ventricle

43
Q

where is the bicuspid valve most audible

A

near the apex of the heart (5th intercostal line)

44
Q

what is myocardial infarction

A

necrosis of the myocardium because of local ischemia resulting from vasopasm or obstruction of the blood supply

45
Q

what are some symptoms of myocardial infarction

A

chest pain that is more then 30 minuets

congestive heart failure, murmur of the mitral regurgtitation

46
Q

what is the difference between angina pectoris

and myocardial infarction

A

no necrosis

47
Q

what is characterized by attics of chest pain that originate in the heart and are felt beneath the sternum and causes pain in the left shoulder and down the arm

A

angina pectoris

48
Q

what is the condition in which the valve everts into the left atrium and thus fails to close properly

A

mitral valve prolapse

49
Q

( inflammation of the valve) what is known as an infection of the endcardium of the heart and most commonly involves the heart valves and is caused by a cluster of bacteria in the valves

A

endocarditis

50
Q

what can cause inflammation of the valves

A

bacteria or autoimmune disease

51
Q

when does the valve loose capacity to close or shut tightly because of bacteria clusters

A

endocarditis

52
Q

what is the number one cause of death in U.S

A

blockage of the coronary arteries

53
Q

coronary arteries arise from what

A

the ascending aorta

54
Q

when do coronary arteries get maximum blood

A

diastole

55
Q

one of the first things you need to do in patients to improve blood to the heart

A

is decrease the heart rate

56
Q

right and left coronary arteries have what

A

branches

57
Q

SA nodal Artery gets blood supply from where

A

right coronary artery

58
Q

which arteries are visible

A

marginal arteries and Posteror Descending Artery

59
Q

what is the number one artery that is blocked during myocardial infarct?

A

Anterior IV Artery ( left coronary artery)

60
Q

circumflex supply what

A

left ventricle lateral wall and left atrium

61
Q

the right coronary artery gives rise to what

A

large posterior interventricular branch

62
Q

which coronary artery dominates in supplying blood to posterior of heart

A

the right artery

63
Q

the number one vein of the heart? the biggest

A

the coronary sinus

64
Q

what vein leis in the coronary sulcus

A

the coronary sinus

65
Q

Where are the Coronary sinus, great cardiac vein, and Middle Cardiac Vein

A

show on picture

66
Q

where is the source of the cardiac plexus

A

the sympathetic nerve

Anatomy (COLLECTIVE) (17 decks)

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