Muscles of the Back (Maria) Flashcards
What is the organization of back muscles according to innervation?
Which one is intrinsic? which one is extrinsic?
- Hypaxial mucles:
- extrinsic back musles
- innervated by cranial nerves and ventral rami of spinal nerves.
- superficial muscles.
- Epaxial muscles:
- intrinsic back muscles
- innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves.
- What constitute the superficial group?
- To what muscle group do they belong?
- Superficial muscles: muscles realted to and involved in movements of appendicular elements of skeleton
* Clavicle, scapula, humerus - They belong to the hypaxial muscle group.
- What constitute the intermediate muscle group?
- To what muscle group to they belong?
- intermediate group: muscles attached to costal elements and with possible respiratory functions.
- they belong to the hypaxial muscle.
1.Name the group of muscles that constitute the epaxial musles?
- spinotransversales group
- erector spinae group
- transversospinales group
- segmental group
- suboccipital group
What muscles are part of the superficial group of the hypaxial muscles?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/112/834/207/q_image_thumb.png?1659485387)
Superficial group:
- Trapezius
- Latissims dorsi
- levator scapulae
- rhomboid minor
- rhomboid major
State the following for the Trapezius:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
Trapezius:
- Origin:
- Superior nuchal line
- ligamentum nuchae
- external occiipal protuberance
- thoracic vertebral spines.
- Insertion: lateral 1/3 clavicle + acromion and spinae of scapula
- Funtion:
- Upper fibers: elevation of shoulder girdle (as in shrug and during arm elevation)
- Middle fibers: retraction of scapula
- Lower fibers: depression of scapula + participation in cranial rotation of glenoid during arm abduction
- Innervation:
- Motor: Accessory n. (CN XI)
- (Motion sensor) Proprioception: C3-C4 ventral rami
State the following for the Latissimus Dorsi:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: Iliac Crest + spinous process of T6-sacrum
- Insertion: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus.
- Function:
- Extension
- adduction
- medial rotation of humerus
- Innervation: Middle subscapular nerve ( C6-C8)
State the following about Levator Scapulae:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4
- Insertion: Upper portion of vertebral border of scapula
- Function: Upward and anterior movement of superior angle of scapula –> as in reaching forward or extending arm.
- Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
State the following about the Rhomboid minor:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Functions
- Innervations
- Origin: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae + C7-T1 spines
- Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula at root of spine
- Function:
- Retraction (adduction)
- elevation
- caudal rotation of glenoid fossa of scapula
- Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
State the following about the Rhomboid Major:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: T2-T5 spines
- Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula between spine and inferior angle.
- Function:
- Retraction (adduction)
- elevation
- caudal rotation of glenoid fossa of scapula
- Innervation: Dorsal Scapular nerve (C4-C5)
Which mucles are part of the intermediate group of the Hypaxial Mucles?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/112/834/218/q_image_thumb.png?1659485388)
- Serratus posterior inferior.
- Serratus posterior superior.
State the following about the Serratus Posterior Superior:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin:
- Lower part of ligamentum nuchae
- C7-T3
- subraspinous
- Insertion: Upper border of ribs 2-5 just lateral to their angles
- Function: elevate rib 2-5
- Innervation: ventral rami of spinal nn.
State the following about the Serratus posterior inferior:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin:
- T11-L3 spines
- supraspinous ligament
- Insertion: lower border of ribs 9-12 lateral to their ribs angles.
- Functions:
- Depression of ribs 9-12
- possible prevention of elevation of lower ribs during contraction of diaphragm
- Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.
- Where is this located?
- To what is this attached to?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/112/834/225/q_image_thumb.png?1659485388)
- The Thoracolumbar fascia is the separartion between the hypaxial and epaxial muscles in the thoracic region.
What does the posterior layer of the Thoracolumbar fascia covers?
Erector Spinae
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/112/834/226/a_image_thumb.png?1659433122)
What does the anterior layer of the Thoracolumbar fascia covers?
Quadratus lumborum
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/112/834/239/a_image_thumb.png?1659433122)
- Which muscles are part of the Spinotransversales group?
- To which group of muscles do they belong?
- Are the intrinsic or extrinsic?
- Splenius capitis and Splenius cervisis
- They belong to the epaxial muscle group
- They are intrinsic muscles of the back
State the following about Splenius capitis:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Functions
- Innervation
- Origin:
- Ligamentum nuchae
- C7-T4 spines
- Insertion:
- Mastoid process
- skull bellow superior nuchal line
- Functions:
- Bilateral activation: Extension of head and neck. Extend the head to one side when activated.
- Unilateral activation: Rotation of head toward ipsilateral side
- Innervation: Dorsal Rami spinal nn.
State the following about the Splenius Cervicis:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Functions
- Innervation
- Origin: T3-T6
- Insertion: Transverse processes of C1-C3
- Function:
- Bilateral activation: Extension of head and neck. Extend the head to one side when activated.
- Unilateral activation: Rotation of head toward ipsilateral side
- Innervation: Dorsal rami spinal nn.
- Which muscles are part of the Erector spinae group?
- To what muscle groups do they belong?
- Are they intrinsic or extrinsic?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/112/834/243/q_image_thumb.png?1659485388)
State the following about Spinalis:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: Vertebral spines
- Insertion: vertebral spines
- Function:
- Bilateral activation: Extension of vertebral column and head. Rate head to active side and the spine.
- Unilateral activation: Lateral flexion of vertebral column + rotation of head to ipsilateral side. Rotate the spine
- Innervation:
- Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves
State the following about the Longissimus:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: Aponeurotically from sacrum. More cranial fibers originate from transverse processes of pre-sacral vertebrae
- Insertion: transverse and costal elements of vertebrae near their junctions. Most cranial fibers insert onto mastoid process, and are called longissimus capitis.
- Function:
- Bilateral activation: Extension of vertebral column and head. Rate head to active side and the spine.
- Unilateral activation: Lateral flexion of vertebral column + rotation of head to ipsilateral side. Rotate the spine
- Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
State the following for the Iliocostalis muscle:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: Aponeurotically from sacrum and iliac crest. More cranial fibers originate near costal angles
- Insertion: ribs near their angles. Mores cranial fibers insert onto posterior tubercles of cervical vertebrae.
- Functions:
- Bilateral activation: Extension of vertebral column and head. Rate head to active side and the spine.
- Unilateral activation: Lateral flexion of vertebral column + rotation of head to ipsilateral side. Rotate the spine
- Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerve.
- What muscles are part of the Transversospinales muscle group?
- To what group do they belong?
- Are they intrinsic or extrinsic muscles?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/112/834/255/q_image_thumb.png?1659485388)
- Semispinalis capitis, semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus
- They belong to the epaxial muscles
- They are intrinsic muscles.
State the following for Semispinalis muscle group:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: transverse process of vertebrae
- Insertion: vertebral spines
- Functions:
- Bilateral activation: Contribution to extension of vertebral column
- Unilateral activation: Lateral flexion and (if intervertebral joints permit) axial rotation of vertebral column toward contralateral side
- Innervation: Dorsal rami spinal nerve.
State the following for the Semispinalis capitis:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: Transverse process of upper thoracic and lower cervial vertebrae.
- Insertion: Nuchal plane of occipital bone near midline.
- Function:
- Bilateral activation: Powerful extension of head/skull
- Unilateral activation: Rotation of head to ipsilateral side
- Innervation: Dorsal rami spinal nerves.
State the following for the Multifidus muscle:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin:
- Transverse processes of vertebrae
- Iliac crest
- Insertion: vertebral spines
- Functions: same as semispinalis
- Innervation: dorsal rami spinal nerves
State the following for the Rotatores muscles:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
***SAME AS SEMISPINALIS MUSCLES***
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
What muscles are part of the segmental group?
To what muscle group do they belong to?
Are the intrinsic or extrinsic?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/112/834/260/q_image_thumb.png?1659485388)
- Levatores costarum, interspinales and intertransversarius
- They belong to the epaxial muscle group
- They are intrinsic muscle.
State the following for the Levator Costarum:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: Transverse processes of C7-T11
- Insertion: Rib below vertebra of origin near costal tubercle
- Function: Elevate of rib
- Innervation: Dorsal rami spinal nerve
State the following about the Interspinales:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: Spinous process of a more caudally located vertebra.
- Insertion: Spinous process of the vertebra located immediately cranial to the vertebra of origin
- Funtion: Stabilization of adjacent vertebrae during trunk movements
- Innervation: Dorsal Rami spinal nerve
State the following about the Intertransversari muscle:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
- Origin: Transverse process of a more caudally located vertebra
- Insertion: Transverse process of the vertebra located immediately cranial to the vertebra of origin
- Funtion: Stabilization of adjacent vertebrae during trunk movements
- Innervation: Dorsal Rami spinal nerve
What muscles are located in the Suboccipital muscle group?
To what muscle group do they belong?
Are they intrinsic or extrinsic?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/112/834/265/q_image_thumb.png?1659485389)
- Rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior.
- They belong to the epaxial muscle
- They are intrinsic muscles