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Anatomy INTRO Block 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Looks at the body in SEGMENTS and MAIN PARTS

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1
Q

Three types of studied anatomy

A
  • regional
  • systemic
  • clinical
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2
Q

In regional anatomy, the main body is comprised of what 6 things

A
  • head
  • neck
  • trunk ( thorax, back, abdomen, pelvis/perineum)

Upper and lower limbs

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3
Q

Regional anatomy also recognizes the body by what

A

Layers

I.e. Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and deep fascia

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4
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Is a very important part of regional anatomy because it helps you to VISUALIZE
what you are looking at

Knowledge that lies under the skin

Palpating

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5
Q

What is the clinical application of surface anatomy

A

Physical examination (observation, palpating, and listening of body)

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6
Q

Diagnostic radiology

A

Reveals effects of trauma, pathology, and aging on normal structures

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7
Q

Prosections

A

Carefully prepared dissections for the demonstration of anatomical structures

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8
Q

Dissection is?

A

Learning by doing

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9
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Recognizes the organization of the body’s organs into systems that work together to carry out complex functions

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10
Q

What are the 12 systems that systemic anatomy organizes the body into

A
  • integumentary
  • skeletal
  • articulate
  • muscular
  • nervous
  • circulatory
  • cardiovascular
  • lymphatic
  • digestive
  • respiratory
  • urinary
  • reproductive
  • endocrine
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11
Q

Integumentary systems consists of

A

Skin and it’s appendages ( hair, nails, sweat glands)

And

Subcutaneous tissues underneath

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12
Q

Skeletal system consist of

And does what

A

Bones and cartilage

Provides basic shape and support and is what muscles act on to make movement

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13
Q

Articulate system consists of

Does what

A

Joints and their ligaments

Connects the bony parts of the skeletal system

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14
Q

Muscular system consists of

Does what

A

Skeletal muscles

To move or position parts of the body

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15
Q

Nervous system consists of

A

Central nervous system ( brain and spinal chord)
And peripheral nervous system( nerves and ganglia)

Controls and coordinators the functions of the organ system

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16
Q

Circulatory system consists of

A

Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Which function parraell to transport bodily fluids

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17
Q

Cardiovascular systems consists of

Does

A

Heart and blood vessels

Propel and conduct blood through the body
Delivers oxygen nutrients and hormones to cells

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18
Q

Lymphatic system consists of

A

Lymphatic vessels

Withdraws excess tissue fluid

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19
Q

Digestive system consists of

A

Digestive tract from mouth to annus

Mastication and ingestion

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20
Q

Respiratory system

A

Lungs

Supply oxygen to the blood

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21
Q

Urinary system consists of

A

Kidneys, uterus, bladder,and urethra

Filter blood

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22
Q

Reproductive system consists of

Does what

A

Gonads ( overlies and testes)

Gynocology
And robots

Produces oocytes and sperm

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23
Q

Endocrine system

A

Structures that secrete hormones like endocrine glands (thyroid gland), cultured cells of gut, and blood vessel walls

Hormones-organic molecules that are carried by the circulatory system to distant effector cells in ALL parts of the body

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24
What is clinical anatomy?
It emphasis that bodily structure and function are important in practicing medicine. So it incorporates regional and systemic anatomy to study anatomy and stresses the CLINICAL APLLICATION
25
How would clinical anatomy look at this question... " the action of this muscle is?
How would the absence of this muscles activity be obvious?
26
Supine- Prone- Anatomical position refers to body position as?
Laying on back face up Laying on abdomen face down As if it were standing up
27
3 rules of anatomical position
- head, gaze(eyes), and toes directed anteriorly(forward) - arms adjacent to sides with palms facing ANTERIORLY - lower limbs close together with feet PARALLEL and toes facing ANTERIORLY
28
The four anatomical imagery planes
- median - sagittal - frontal Transverse
29
The median plane (midline)
Vertical plane passing longitudinally through the body. Divides body into LEFT and RIGHT the plane intersects the midline of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the body
30
Sagittal plane (parasagittal)
Vertical plans that pass through the body PARALLEL to the median planes *multiple sagittal planes
31
Sagittal planes are good for giving a point of reference such as
A sagittal plane through the midpoint of the clavicle
32
Paramedian plane
Any plane that is parallel and near to the median of the body
33
Frontal plane (coronal)- anterior and posterior
Vertical planes passing through the body separating it from anterior and posterior parts
34
Transverse plane (,ost common in USMLE) Radiologist= transaxial or axial planes
Planes that pass through the body that divide the body into superior and inferior
35
Three kinds of sections used with anatomical planes
- longitudinal ( runs length wise or parallel to the axis of body, applies regardless of position) - transverse (known as cross sections are SLICES of the body that are cut at right angles to the longitudinal axis ) - oblique( slices that are not specifically cut along a certain plane, like a slanted cut)
36
Vertex | Caudal
Topmost point of the cranium Toward the feet or tail region
37
Rostral
Same as anterior but used when describing the brain
38
Dorset
Usually refers to the superior aspect of any part that protrudes anteriorly from the body ( tounge, nose, penis or foot)
39
Dorsal surface Plantar surface Palmar surface
Of hands fingers and digits referring to the the dorsum part Surface of feet and toes referring to the sole Surface of hand and fingers corresponding to the palm
40
What are the main uses of anatomical planes
It is to describe section
41
Superficial What is most superficial thing we have
Towards the surface Ex. Muscles of the arm are superficial to its bone Skin
42
Intermediate
Between superficial and a deep structure (middle) Ex. Biceps is intermediate to skin and humerous
43
Deep
Away from the surface of the body Ex: the numerous is deep to the arm muscle
44
Superior
Nearest to the vertex ( top of cranium) Ex heart is superior to the stomach
45
Cranial
Refers to the crainum(skull) meaning towards the head
46
Inferior
A structure that is nearer the sole of the foot Ex the stomach is inferior To the hearts
47
Caudal ( embryology term)
Meaning to the tail region ( coccyx)
48
Posterior
The back surface of the body Ex the heel is posterior to the toes
49
Anterior or ventral
Front surface of the body Ex toes are anterior to the heel
50
Rostral
Often used instead of anterior whenj describing the BRAIN | (Towards beak) so towards the mouth
51
Proximal
Nearer the trunk or point of origin Ex elbow is proximal to the wrist
52
Distal
Farther from trunk or origin Ex fingers are distal to the wrist
53
Medial
( in anatomical position)Indicates that a structure is nearer the median plane of the body Ex pinky is medial to the thumb
54
Lateral
When a structure is farther away from the medial plane of the body Ex the thumb is lateral to the pinky ( anatomical position)
55
Flex ion
Bending part usually anteriorly except for the knee
56
Extension
Straightening or increasing angle between parts of body Usually in posterior direction except knee is opposite
57
Dorsiflexion
Describes the ankle occurs when walking uphill or lifting toes off ground
58
Plantar flexion
Flexion of the toes turning down ( tip toe)
59
Hyper extension
Overextension of limb or part This can cause injury like whiplash
60
What is the only thing in the body that can be hyperextended without causeing injury
The thumb in anatomical position ( frontal plane)
61
Adduction (take away)
Moving away from median plane in the frontal plane Ex moving upper limb away from side of body
62
Abduction of the fingers and toes
Spreading them apart , moving other fingers away from the 3rd neutral finger position Toes: moving away from 2nd toe
63
Adduction(adding to the body)
Moving towards the median plane Moving upper limb towards the side of the body
64
Adduction of digits
Moving digits back towards the neutral position of the 3rd finger and 2nd toe
65
Circumduction
Circular movement that combines flexion extension abduction and adduction ( hip, shoulder)
66
Rotation
Turning or revoking a part of the body around longitudinal axis like turning heat sideways
67
Medial rotation
Brings anterior part of limb closer to median plane
68
Lateral rotation
Takes anterior surface away from median plane
69
Pronation
Rotational movement of forearm and hand that turn them downward When elbow is flexed, pronation moves hand down
70
Supination ( soup in Palm)
Dorsum of hand is posterior and palm in anterior moving them into anatomical position
71
Opposition
Pad of first digit is brought to another finger Used to pinch, button shirts and lift a tea cup
72
Reposition
Moving from opposition back to normal
73
Protrusion - stick out tounge
Moving anteriorly like protruding the mandible
74
Retrusion
Moving posteriorly as in retruding mandible
75
Elevation
Raises a part superiorly Like shrugging shoulders or eye lid opening or pushing tounge to root of mouth
76
Depression
Lower or moves a part inferiorly Depressing the shoulders when standing at ease , upper eyelid closing, pulling tounge away from palate
77
Eversion
Moves sole of foot away from median plane ( dorsiflexed)
78
Inversion
Moves sole of foot toward median plane ( plantar flexed)

Anatomy (COLLECTIVE) (17 decks)

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