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Anatomy (COLLECTIVE) > Anatomy INTRO Block 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy INTRO Block 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Looks at the body in SEGMENTS and MAIN PARTS

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1
Q

Three types of studied anatomy

A
  • regional
  • systemic
  • clinical
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2
Q

In regional anatomy, the main body is comprised of what 6 things

A
  • head
  • neck
  • trunk ( thorax, back, abdomen, pelvis/perineum)

Upper and lower limbs

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3
Q

Regional anatomy also recognizes the body by what

A

Layers

I.e. Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and deep fascia

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4
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Is a very important part of regional anatomy because it helps you to VISUALIZE
what you are looking at

Knowledge that lies under the skin

Palpating

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5
Q

What is the clinical application of surface anatomy

A

Physical examination (observation, palpating, and listening of body)

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6
Q

Diagnostic radiology

A

Reveals effects of trauma, pathology, and aging on normal structures

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7
Q

Prosections

A

Carefully prepared dissections for the demonstration of anatomical structures

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8
Q

Dissection is?

A

Learning by doing

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9
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Recognizes the organization of the body’s organs into systems that work together to carry out complex functions

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10
Q

What are the 12 systems that systemic anatomy organizes the body into

A
  • integumentary
  • skeletal
  • articulate
  • muscular
  • nervous
  • circulatory
  • cardiovascular
  • lymphatic
  • digestive
  • respiratory
  • urinary
  • reproductive
  • endocrine
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11
Q

Integumentary systems consists of

A

Skin and it’s appendages ( hair, nails, sweat glands)

And

Subcutaneous tissues underneath

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12
Q

Skeletal system consist of

And does what

A

Bones and cartilage

Provides basic shape and support and is what muscles act on to make movement

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13
Q

Articulate system consists of

Does what

A

Joints and their ligaments

Connects the bony parts of the skeletal system

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14
Q

Muscular system consists of

Does what

A

Skeletal muscles

To move or position parts of the body

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15
Q

Nervous system consists of

A

Central nervous system ( brain and spinal chord)
And peripheral nervous system( nerves and ganglia)

Controls and coordinators the functions of the organ system

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16
Q

Circulatory system consists of

A

Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Which function parraell to transport bodily fluids

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17
Q

Cardiovascular systems consists of

Does

A

Heart and blood vessels

Propel and conduct blood through the body
Delivers oxygen nutrients and hormones to cells

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18
Q

Lymphatic system consists of

A

Lymphatic vessels

Withdraws excess tissue fluid

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19
Q

Digestive system consists of

A

Digestive tract from mouth to annus

Mastication and ingestion

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20
Q

Respiratory system

A

Lungs

Supply oxygen to the blood

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21
Q

Urinary system consists of

A

Kidneys, uterus, bladder,and urethra

Filter blood

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22
Q

Reproductive system consists of

Does what

A

Gonads ( overlies and testes)

Gynocology
And robots

Produces oocytes and sperm

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23
Q

Endocrine system

A

Structures that secrete hormones like endocrine glands (thyroid gland), cultured cells of gut, and blood vessel walls

Hormones-organic molecules that are carried by the circulatory system to distant effector cells in ALL parts of the body

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24
Q

What is clinical anatomy?

A

It emphasis that bodily structure and function are important in practicing medicine. So it incorporates regional and systemic anatomy to study anatomy and stresses the CLINICAL APLLICATION

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25
Q

How would clinical anatomy look at this question… “ the action of this muscle is?

A

How would the absence of this muscles activity be obvious?

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26
Q

Supine-
Prone-

Anatomical position refers to body position as?

A

Laying on back face up
Laying on abdomen face down

As if it were standing up

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27
Q

3 rules of anatomical position

A
  • head, gaze(eyes), and toes directed anteriorly(forward)
  • arms adjacent to sides with palms facing ANTERIORLY
  • lower limbs close together with feet PARALLEL and toes facing ANTERIORLY
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28
Q

The four anatomical imagery planes

A
  • median
  • sagittal
  • frontal
    Transverse
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29
Q

The median plane (midline)

A

Vertical plane passing longitudinally through the body. Divides body into LEFT and RIGHT

the plane intersects the midline of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the body

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30
Q

Sagittal plane (parasagittal)

A

Vertical plans that pass through the body PARALLEL to the median planes

*multiple sagittal planes

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31
Q

Sagittal planes are good for giving a point of reference such as

A

A sagittal plane through the midpoint of the clavicle

32
Q

Paramedian plane

A

Any plane that is parallel and near to the median of the body

33
Q

Frontal plane (coronal)- anterior and posterior

A

Vertical planes passing through the body separating it from anterior and posterior parts

34
Q

Transverse plane (,ost common in USMLE)

Radiologist= transaxial or axial planes

A

Planes that pass through the body that divide the body into superior and inferior

35
Q

Three kinds of sections used with anatomical planes

A
  • longitudinal ( runs length wise or parallel to the axis of body, applies regardless of position)
  • transverse (known as cross sections are SLICES of the body that are cut at right angles to the longitudinal axis )
  • oblique( slices that are not specifically cut along a certain plane, like a slanted cut)
36
Q

Vertex

Caudal

A

Topmost point of the cranium

Toward the feet or tail region

37
Q

Rostral

A

Same as anterior but used when describing the brain

38
Q

Dorset

A

Usually refers to the superior aspect of any part that protrudes anteriorly from the body ( tounge, nose, penis or foot)

39
Q

Dorsal surface
Plantar surface
Palmar surface

A

Of hands fingers and digits referring to the the dorsum part

Surface of feet and toes referring to the sole

Surface of hand and fingers corresponding to the palm

40
Q

What are the main uses of anatomical planes

A

It is to describe section

41
Q

Superficial

What is most superficial thing we have

A

Towards the surface
Ex. Muscles of the arm are superficial to its bone

Skin

42
Q

Intermediate

A

Between superficial and a deep structure (middle)

Ex. Biceps is intermediate to skin and humerous

43
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body

Ex: the numerous is deep to the arm muscle

44
Q

Superior

A

Nearest to the vertex ( top of cranium)

Ex heart is superior to the stomach

45
Q

Cranial

A

Refers to the crainum(skull) meaning towards the head

46
Q

Inferior

A

A structure that is nearer the sole of the foot

Ex the stomach is inferior To the hearts

47
Q

Caudal ( embryology term)

A

Meaning to the tail region ( coccyx)

48
Q

Posterior

A

The back surface of the body

Ex the heel is posterior to the toes

49
Q

Anterior or ventral

A

Front surface of the body

Ex toes are anterior to the heel

50
Q

Rostral

A

Often used instead of anterior whenj describing the BRAIN

(Towards beak) so towards the mouth

51
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer the trunk or point of origin

Ex elbow is proximal to the wrist

52
Q

Distal

A

Farther from trunk or origin

Ex fingers are distal to the wrist

53
Q

Medial

A

( in anatomical position)Indicates that a structure is nearer the median plane of the body

Ex pinky is medial to the thumb

54
Q

Lateral

A

When a structure is farther away from the medial plane of the body

Ex the thumb is lateral to the pinky ( anatomical position)

55
Q

Flex ion

A

Bending part usually anteriorly except for the knee

56
Q

Extension

A

Straightening or increasing angle between parts of body

Usually in posterior direction except knee is opposite

57
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Describes the ankle occurs when walking uphill or lifting toes off ground

58
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Flexion of the toes turning down ( tip toe)

59
Q

Hyper extension

A

Overextension of limb or part

This can cause injury like whiplash

60
Q

What is the only thing in the body that can be hyperextended without causeing injury

A

The thumb in anatomical position ( frontal plane)

61
Q

Adduction (take away)

A

Moving away from median plane in the frontal plane

Ex moving upper limb away from side of body

62
Q

Abduction of the fingers and toes

A

Spreading them apart , moving other fingers away from the 3rd neutral finger position

Toes: moving away from 2nd toe

63
Q

Adduction(adding to the body)

A

Moving towards the median plane

Moving upper limb towards the side of the body

64
Q

Adduction of digits

A

Moving digits back towards the neutral position of the 3rd finger and 2nd toe

65
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement that combines flexion extension abduction and adduction

( hip, shoulder)

66
Q

Rotation

A

Turning or revoking a part of the body around longitudinal axis like turning heat sideways

67
Q

Medial rotation

A

Brings anterior part of limb closer to median plane

68
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Takes anterior surface away from median plane

69
Q

Pronation

A

Rotational movement of forearm and hand that turn them downward

When elbow is flexed, pronation moves hand down

70
Q

Supination ( soup in Palm)

A

Dorsum of hand is posterior and palm in anterior moving them into anatomical position

71
Q

Opposition

A

Pad of first digit is brought to another finger

Used to pinch, button shirts and lift a tea cup

72
Q

Reposition

A

Moving from opposition back to normal

73
Q

Protrusion - stick out tounge

A

Moving anteriorly like protruding the mandible

74
Q

Retrusion

A

Moving posteriorly as in retruding mandible

75
Q

Elevation

A

Raises a part superiorly

Like shrugging shoulders or eye lid opening or pushing tounge to root of mouth

76
Q

Depression

A

Lower or moves a part inferiorly

Depressing the shoulders when standing at ease , upper eyelid closing, pulling tounge away from palate

77
Q

Eversion

A

Moves sole of foot away from median plane ( dorsiflexed)

78
Q

Inversion

A

Moves sole of foot toward median plane ( plantar flexed)

Anatomy (COLLECTIVE) (17 decks)

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