The Heart Flashcards
Where does the heart live?
mediastinum - space between the lungs, apex points toward left hip
Right Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from lungs (contains pectinate muscles)
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from lungs
Intra-atrial Septum
Separates the atria
Right Ventricle
Pumps deoxygenates blood to the lungs
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
Intraventricular Septum
Wal of tissue separating ventricles
Trabeculae Carneae
Ridges of muscle inside the ventricles
Tricuspid valve
Between RIGHT atrium and ventricle
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
Between LEFT atrium and ventricle
Chordae Tendinae
Fibrous bands of CT that connect valves to papillary muscles (the heartstrings)
Papillary Muscles
Prevent valves from inverting during ventricular contractions
Pulmonary Valve
Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Aortic Valve
Between left ventricle and aorta
Systole/Distole
Systole is the phase when ventricles contract; distole is the phase when they relax
Superior Vena Cava
Returns blood from above heart to right atrium
Inferior Vena Cava
Returns blood from below heart to right atrium
Pulmonary Trunk
Receives deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle
Pulmonary Arteries
Carry deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary trunk to the lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Carry oxygenated blood back from the lungs
The Aorta
Receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and carries it to the rest of the body
What is the cycle of blood flow starting with deoxygenated blood returning to the bidy
-
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Receive blood and send it to the -
right atrium
Which pumps blood through the -
tricuspid valve
And into the -
right ventricle
Which passes the -
pulmonary valve
Into the -
pulmonary trunk
Which sends blood out the -
pulmonary arteries
And into the -
Lungs
Where it returns, oxygenated via the -
Pulmonary Veins
Which deposit in the -
Left atrium
Which pumps past the - **bicuspid valve*
Into the
12 Left Ventricle
Which sends it to the rest of the body via the
13 Aorta
List the layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep
Pericardium is a tough, two-layered membrane that surrounds the heart
Fibrous pericardium is the tough outer layer of dense CT that protects it
Serous perocardium is the delicate inner layer that covers the heart’s surface
pericardial cavity is the space between the layers that is filled with lubricating serous fluid
What is the function if the pericardium?
Anchor is the heart to the superior portion of the diaphragm and protect the heart as it moves in the thoracic cavity
What are the layers of the heart from superficial to deep?
epicardium - outermost layer, connects to visceral pericardium
myocardium - thick middle layer of cardiac muscle cells filled with blood vessels and nervous fibers
endocardium - innermost layer of the heart that lines the heart chambers and valves, that is exposed to blood
Conducting Cells
Myocardial cells that initiate and propagate action potentials
What type of intercellular junction allows for the passage of ions and allows heart muscle cells to contract synchronously?
Intercalated discs
What is the cardiac skeleton?
A dense CT structure inside the heart that
-anchors and forma heart valves
-provides structure and support for the heart
-Isolates atria from ventricles
List the conductive system of the heart in order
Sinoatrial (SA) Node - superior right atrium, pacemaker for the heart, establishes sinus rhythm, intrinsic rate of 100 bpm
Atrioventricular (AV) Node - inter-atrial septum, delays impulse from SA node, sets junctional rhythm
Atrioventricular Bundle carries signal to interventricular septum
**right and left bundle branches ** - carry signal to apex of the heart
purkinje fibers spread signal from apex to contractile cells in ventricles
What is an EKG/ECG
Electrocradiogram, a recording of the electrical activity of the heart
