The Cell Flashcards
Structure equals what?
Function
Why are some anatomical structures variable but others aren’t?
The more important for survival a structure is the less variable it will be.
How is anatomy related to physiology?
Anatomy is the study of structure and physiology is the study of how those structures function
What is the difference between gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy?
Gross anatomy refers to structures that are observable without a microscope, microscopic anatomy requires a microscope to observe.
How do the different levels of organization relate to one another?
Each layer is built upon the previous layer. Organisms are made of systems which are made of organs which are made of tissue which are made of organelles which are made of cells which are made of macromolecules which are made of molecules which are made of atoms.
Why is having standardized terminology important in anatomy and medicine?
Standardization eliminates variation in identification.
How does the plasma membrane help cels maintain their environment?
It separates intramolecular and extramolecular environments to regulate the exchange of materials between cells
What molecules can move freely through the plasma membrane?
Small, uncharged particles
What molecules can not move freely through the plasma membrane?
Large and\or charged molecules (ions, lipids, carbohydrates, etc)
Which way does concentration flow go?
from high to low, yo
How do other important molecules get in or out of cells if they can not freely move across the plasma membrane?
Facilitated diffusion; active or passive transport
What is the major difference between active and passive transport?
Active transport requires additional energy, passive transport does not
Why do capillaries have thin walls?
To shorten the distance between cells, making diffusion (transport) more effective.
What are the different types of surface extensions and what do they do?
- Glycolax is the outer coat if lipids and proteins used for cell-to-cell identification
- Microvilli are finger-like projections that increase surface area for maximum absorbtion
- Cilia are hair-like projections that move fluids and help with sensory perception
- Flagella are tail-like projections athar allow sperm to move
What do the different cell-to-cell junctions do?
- Tight junctions **prevent*+ material from moving between cells
- Anchoring junctions hold cells to one another and provide structural cohesion
- Gap junctions form channels for material to move between cells
Nucleus
A membrane-enclosed organelle that stores genetic material, the “blueprints” for what a cell can do
Nuclear Envelope
Protects the nucleus, allows entry and exit
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lipid synthesis, Calcium storage, Detox
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Protein synthesis via ribosomes
Lysosome
The Cleaner: Breaks down and digests cellular material to detoxify and destroy old organelles
Golgi Apparatus
Sorts, modifies, and packages products into vesicles so they can travel within (endocytosis) or without (exocytosis) the cell
Mitochondria
The Powerhouse: produces ATP (energy) and helps in apoptosis (cell death)
Peroxisomes
Lipid metabolization and detoxification
