Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
A. Protect the body from external hazards
B.Water retention
C. Regulate Body Temp
D. Vitamin D synthesis
E. Sensation (to touch, to heat, etc)
F. Non-Verbal Communication
Where is the epidermis in relation to the dermis?
The epidermis is superficial in relation to the dermis
What are the layers of skin?
Epidermis outer layer of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, forms waterproof surface barrier
Dermis deeper, supporting layer of dense, irregular connective tissue
Hypodermis a layer of adipose tossue that binds skin to deeper tissues to insulate and cushion the body
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial? (BSGLC)
Stratum basale - base or deepest layer
Stratum spinosume - thick layer of flat
spiny celles where keratinization starts
Stratum granulosum - layers of living cells producing keratohyin granules
Stratum lucidum - thin layer of dead cells only found in dead cells
Stratum corneum - outer later of dead, keratnized cells
What are the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosume
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum (thick skin only)
Stratum corneum
Stratum basale
Deepest layer of epidermis, cells actively dividing because they are near a blood source
Stratum spinosum
Thick layer of flat, spiny cells where keratanization starts
Stratum granulosum
3-5 layer of living cells producing keratohyalin
Stratum lucidum
Found only in thick skin, a clear layer of dead cells
Stratum corenum
The outermost layer of the epidermis: dead, keratinized cells
What are the cells in the epidermis (besides squamous epithelial cells)
keratinocytes - produce keratin to waterproof the skin
melanocytes - in stratum basale; produce melanin to protect the cells from UV
tactile cells - in stratum basael, detect light touch
Langerhans cells - phagocytize bacteria and present antigens
Layers of the Dermis
Papillary Layer - upper layer of areolar tissue, small blood vessels, acts as the “glue” by using dermal papillae
Reticular Layer - thick lower layer of dense irregular connective tissue that provides strength and elasticity
Why do we have dense irregular tissue in the dermis?
To provide elasticity and strength
Name the two major sensory corpuscles found in the skin
Meissner corpuscles detect light pressure
Pacinian corpsucles detect high frequency vibrations (more sensitive)
What do melanocytes produce?
Melanin, for UV protection
How is the hair follicle different from the hair itself?
The hair follicle is the tube of epidermal cells that holds the root and bulb to support the hair filament
The hair filament is the fast-growing keratinized cells
Arrector Pili
Muscle that causes hair to stand on end, vestigal in humans
What are the two functions of nails?
Protect fingers, enhance sensitivity
Name the glands associated with the integumentary system
Eccrine sweat glands - produce sweat for evaporatove cooling
Apocrine sweat glands - produce thick, oily secretions in armpits and groin
Sebaceous glands - produce oily secretions associated with hair follicles
Ceruminous glands - produce earwax to kill bacteria and trap debris
Mammary glands - found in breast tissue, produce milk during third trimester of pregnancy and during nursing
