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MSK > The Hand > Flashcards

The Hand Flashcards

1
Q

__ carpal bones

A

8

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2
Q

____ metacarpals

A

5

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3
Q

____ bones of the fingers

A

14

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4
Q

Most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

scaphoid

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5
Q

Scaphoid/lunate fractures can (in some individuals) disrupt the blood supply to the bone resulting in delayed or “non-union” (avascular necrosis) of the bone…often requiring surgical intervention

A

scaphoid

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6
Q

_____…most commonly dislocated carpal bone

A

Lunate

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7
Q

1st carpometacarpal joint is between the trapezium and the base of the 1st metacarpal. Common synovial joint to be affected by ____

A

arthritis

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8
Q

Known as “boxers fracture”- often seen following altercations in unskilled fighters

A

nFractures of the 5th metacarpal neck are commonly seen in emergency rooms “pinky”

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9
Q

nPalmar aponeurosis sends a medial septum to the ____ metacarpal

A

5th

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10
Q

nPalmar aponeurosis sends a lateral septum to the____ metacarpal

A

3rd

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11
Q

nThese septum divide the hand into five muscular compartments:

A
  1. Hypothenar
  2. Thenar
  3. Central
  4. Adductor
  5. Interosseous
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12
Q

nThese compartments are of clinical important because

A

they can limit the spread of infection within the hand

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13
Q

Base of the palmar aponeurosis sends ___ longitudinal fibrous slips which surround fibrous digital sheaths within the fingers

A

4

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14
Q

Trigger Finger

A

Trauma to tendons can result in scar tissue forming about a flexor tendon

Scarring creates a nodule on the tendon

Nodule catches/entraps beneath the annular ligaments of the fibrous sheath

This sometimes causes the finger to lock in position of flexion

With extension-the nodule slides beneath the ligament and releases- can be painful

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15
Q

Inflammation of the Synovial Tendon Sheaths is referred to as ____

A

tenosynovitis

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16
Q

______ are tubular “envelopes” containing synovial membrane/fluid that surround the tendons

These sheaths permit tendons to move freely with less friction during hand movements

A

Synovial Tendon Sheaths

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17
Q

_____ located medially and contains 3 intrinsic muscles involved in moving the 5th digit (little finger)

A

Hypothenar Compartment

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18
Q

nHypothenar Compartment- located medially and contains 3 intrinsic muscles involved in moving the 5th digit (little finger)

A
  1. Abductor Digiti Minimi
  2. Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
  3. Opponens Digiti Minimi
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19
Q

hypothenar compartment is innervated by

A

All Innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8 & T1)

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20
Q

_____ located laterally and mainly responsible for opposition of the thumb- also contains 3 intrinsic muscles

A

Thenar Compartment

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21
Q

3 muscles of the thenar compartment

A
  1. Abductor Pollicis Brevis
  2. Flexor Pollicis Brevis* (contains a small sesamoid bone within its tendon)
  3. Opponens Pollicis
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22
Q

thenar compartment innervated by

A

All innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8 & T1)

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23
Q

____ located deep within hand and responsible for adduction of the thumb- only one intrinsic muscle

A

Adductor Compartment

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24
Q

muscle of the adductor compartment

A

Adductor Pollicis- fan-shaped muscle with two heads of origin (transverse & oblique)

(contains a small sesamoid bone within its tendon)

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25
Q

adductor compartment innervated by

A

nInnervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8 & T1)

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26
Q

_____ is located beneath the aponeurosis and contains the long flexor tendons (FDS & FDP), neurovascular structures, and the lumbrical muscles

A

Central Compartment

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27
Q

_____ 4 small intrinsic muscles of the hand that arise from the sides of the FDP tendons and insert into the lateral sides of the extensor expansion

A

Lumbricals

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28
Q

Lateral two Lumbricals are innervated by the ____

A

median nerve (C8 & T1)

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29
Q

nMedial two Lumbricals are innervated by the ____

A

ulnar nerve (C8 & T1)

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30
Q

function of lumbircals

A

Flex the digits at MCP joint and extend the interphalangeal joints

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31
Q

_____ aids in the ability to perform intricate hand/finger motions

A

extensor expansion

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32
Q

The interosseous compartment houses the interossei muscles which aid in _____ and assist the lumbrical muscles

A

grip strength

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33
Q

_____ compartment compartment is located between the metacarpal bones

A

The interosseous

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34
Q

_____ (3) arise from the shafts of the 2nd,4th and 5th metacarpals

A

Palmar Interossei

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35
Q

Palmar Interossei….____ digits toward the axial line of the hand (the 3rd digit)

A

Adduct

36
Q

Palmar Interossei innervated by

A

Innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8 & T1)

37
Q

______ …. Abduct digits away from the axial line of the hand (the 3rd digit)

A

Dorsal Interossei

38
Q

dorsal interossi Insert into extensor expansion and base of proximal phalanx digits

A

2,3, and 4

39
Q

palmar interossei Insert into extensor expansion and base of proximal phalanx digits

A

2, 4, and 5

40
Q

1.Flexor Pollicis Longus

●

2.Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)

●

3.Flexor Digitorum Profunda (FDP)

nThese muscles all originate in the forearm and their tendons enter the hand thru the _____

A

carpal tunnel-beneath the flexor retinaculum

41
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Results from any condition that effectively reduces the size of the carpal tunnel (inflammation of tendon, infection, growth or cyst)

Median nerve gets impinged/entrapped by these conditions (listed above)

Symptoms include paraesthesia, hypoesthesia or anesthesia of lateral 3 ½ digits along the palmar surface

Patients may also experience motor loss of thenar muscles- inability to oppose thumb

Surgical release of flexor retinaculum often required

42
Q

Passes over the flexor retinaculum with the ulnar artery (thru the canal of Guyon)

A

ulnar nerve

43
Q

Superficial palmar arch which gives off _____ and _____

A

common and proper palmar digital arteries

44
Q

the ulnar artery divides into two terminal branches

A
  1. Superficial palmar arch which gives off common and proper palmar digital arteries
  2. Deep palmar branch (artery)
45
Q

nRadial artery anastomoses with the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery to form the ____

A

deep palmar arch

46
Q

Two arterial arches in the Hand and branches from

A

1.Superficial Palmar Arch- formed by the ulnar artery* and a small superficial branch of the radial artery

●

2.Deep Palmar Arch- formed by the radial artery* and the deep branch of the ulnar artery

47
Q

nAll the “intrinsic” muscles in the hand are innervated by _____

A

C8 & T1 nerve roots

48
Q

_____ is the nerve of “fine movements” and its loss results in ones inability to perform tasks such as tying shoe laces, turning door knobs & opening jars

A

Ulnar nerve

49
Q

_____ commonly entrapped beneath the flexor retinaculum within the carpal tunnel…paraesthesia 3½ fingers and weakness in thumb opposition

A

Median nerve

50
Q

______ arises primarily from the ulnar artery

A

Superficial palmar arch

51
Q

_____ arises primarily from the radial artery

A

Deep palmar arch

52
Q

____ is the commonly fractured carpal bone (can result in avascular necrosis AVN) of the bone

A

Scaphoid bone

53
Q

_____ is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone…often compressing the median nerve

A

Lunate bone

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MSK (10 decks)

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