Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Forearm & Elbow > Flashcards

Forearm & Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous membrane connecting the ulna and radius

Serves as attachment for muscles and compartmentalizes the forearm (i.e., separates the anterior vs. posterior compartments)

Collagen fibers originate on the radius and course inferomedially to attach on the ulna

This orientation of fibers assists in transferring forces from the radius to the ulna (i.e. during a FOOSH)

A

Interosseous
Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

colles fracture

A

Distal radial fractures are the most common fractures of the forearm (>50 years of age)

Typically occurs when patients attempt to “break their fall” by landing on their hand in an extended position (i.e., slip on ice)

Distal radial fracture fragment displaces dorsally (posteriorly) producing a characteristic “jog” in the forearm

This displacement is referred to as the “dinner fork deformity”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nThe wrist consists of 8 _____

A

carpal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ and ___ are small carpal bones that articulate with the distal radius (wrist joint)

A

Scaphoid and lunate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nThe hand has 5 _____ bones

A

metacarpal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The hand has 14 _____ : proximal, middle, and distal

A

phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cubital fossa (anticubital) is a triangular depression anterior to the elbow for passage of the ____ artery and ______ nerve

A

brachial; and median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At the wrist level, this antebrachial (continuous with brachial fascia) fascia thickens forming the _____ (posteriorly), and the (anteriorly)

A

extensor retinaculum; palmar carpal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Just distal (and slightly deeper) to the palmar carpal ligament lies the ______ (which forms the roof of the carpal tunnel)

A

flexor retinaculum aka the Transverse Carpal Ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many superficial anterior muscles are there in the forearm?

A
  1. pronator teres
  2. flexor carpi radialis
  3. flexor carpi ulnaris
  4. flexor digitorum superficialis
  5. palmaris longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

all superficial muscles of the forearm orginate form the _____ of the humerus

A

medial epicondyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

all superficial flexor muscles are innervated by the ___ nerve except ___ which is innervated by

A

median; flexor carpi ulnaris; ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Deep Flexor - Pronators

A
  1. Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
  2. Flexor pollicis longus
  3. Pronator quadratus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anterior compartment muscles are _____ muscles

A

Flexor-Pronator; (i.e., they flex the digits and wrist AND/OR pronate the forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Posterior compartment muscles are _____ muscles (i.e., they extend the wrist and digits AND/OR supinate the forearm)

A

Extensor- Supinator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

All these deep flexor- pronator muscles are innervated by the ______ (a branch of the median nerve) except ______ which the medial 1/3 portion is innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

anterior interosseous nerve (AIN); Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two muscles that produce

pronation of the forearm:

A
  1. Pronator Teres
  2. Pronator Quadratus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_____ initiates pronation of the forearm

A

pronator quadratus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pronator quadratus pulls the distal _____ over the ____

A

radius; ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pronator quadratus is innervated by the

A

Innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve (C8 & T1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_____ _ assist the quadratus when more speed/power are required

A

Pronator teres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

protanator teres is innervated by

A

nInnervated by the median nerve (C6 & C7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Two muscles that produce

flexion of the fingers:

A
  1. FDS
  2. FDP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FDS muscle belly gives rise to four tendons which pass through the ______ then each splits and then inserts into the middle phalanx of digits 2 – 5

A

carpal tunnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

FDS is innervated by the

A

Innervated by median nerve (C7, C8 & T1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Flexes middle phalanx at the PIPJ

A

FDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

FDP muscle belly has a dual innervation:

Medial portion via the

Lateral portion via the

A

Medial portion via the ulnar nerve (C8 & T1) which controls 4th and 5th digits

Lateral portion via the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve (C8 & T1) which controls the 2nd and 3rd digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

nFlexes distal phalanx at the DIPJ of digits 2-5

A

FDP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

3 functional extensor muscle groups of the forearm are all innervated by the

A

nAll innervated by (C6, C7 & C8) of the radial nerve (or by a branch of the radial nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q 
Extensors of
the Wrist (3), innervation, and function
A
  1. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
  2. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
  3. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

All innervated by (C6, C7 & C8) of the radial nerve

these muscles extend and stabilize the wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q 
Extensors of
the Digits (3)
A
  1. Extensor Digitorum
  2. Extensor Digiti Minimi
  3. Extensor Indicis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

long tendon of the extensors of the digits insert into

A

Long tendons of these muscles insert into the extensor expansion (“Hood”) of the digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Extensors/Abductors
of the Thumb

These muscles assist with intricate and precise movements of the thumbs

A

1.Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL)

●

2.Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB)

●

3.Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

All the tendons of these extensor muscles are secured at the wrist by the _______ - a localized thickening of the antebrachial fascia

A

extensor retinaculum

35
Q

nThe extensor tendons are compartmentalized into 6_____ within the retinaculum

A

fibro-osseous tunnels

36
Q

Ganglion or Synovial Cyst

A

Thin walled cyst that contain clear mucinous/synovial fluid-are common on the dorsum of wrist

Etiology is unknown-often called “Bible Cysts”

Common site is on the extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis tendons

As cyst enlarge-can cause pain and nerve compression

Treatment often involves surgical excision

37
Q

Anatomical “Snuff Box”

A

nBounded by the

  1. Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
  2. Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB)
  3. Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL)

nRadial artery, scaphoid bone, and styloid process of the radius can be palpated in floor of the box

38
Q

radial nerve divides

A
  1. superficial branch (cutaneous/sensory to a portion of the dorsum of the hand)
  2. deep branch (a motor nerve… i.e. it only innervates muscles):
39
Q

Deep branch of the radial nerve pierces _____ and enters the extensor compartment where it continues as the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)- innervating many of the forearm extensors

A

supinator muscle

40
Q

Passes posterior to the medial epicondyle in the “cubital tunnel”

A

Ulnar Nerve

41
Q

Innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar Nerve

42
Q

Passes thru a groove “canal of Guyon” on the anterior aspect of the wrist/hand

A

ulnar groove

43
Q

Principle nerve of the anterior compartment of the forearm…innervates all anterior compartment forearm muscles except for 1½

Passes between the FDS and FDP

Gives rise to several small muscular branches and the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)

Gives rise to a small cutaneous nerve- palmar branch which courses superficial to the flexor retinaculum and supplies the skin on the lateral palmar aspect

A

Median Nerve

44
Q

Median nerve then passes beneath the ______ (roof of carpal tunnel) and enters the hand

A

flexor retinaculum

45
Q

aka…radial head dislocation

Common in toddlers age 1-4

Radial head is small at this age and can sublux out of annular ligament

Principle mechanism of injury is pulling/lifting a child by the arm…partially tearing the annular ligament or dislocating the radial head

Treatment is reduction and sling X 2 weeks

A

nurse maids elbow

46
Q

___, _____, and _____ can be palpated in floor of the “snuff box”

A

Radial artery, scaphoid bone, and styloid process of the radius

47
Q

Game Keepers Thumb

A

Rupture of the Ulnar Collateral ligament of the thumb (MCP)

Originated in England when game-keepers strangled small animal between their thumb & index fingers

Today…common skiing injury when the ski pole produces a radially (thumb) directed force which tears the ulnar collateral ligament (“Skier’s Thumb”)

Often associated with a fracture of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Can require cast and/or surgical repair

48
Q

golfer’s elbow ____ and tennis elbow ________…

A

(medial epicondylitis) ; (lateral epicondylitis)

49
Q

____ nerve passes beneath the flexor retinaculum (roof of the carpal tunnel)- common site of “entrapment”

A

Median nerve

50
Q

_____ nerve innervates 1½ forearm muscles then enters the hand coursing beside the ulnar artery

A

Ulnar

51
Q

Radial nerve- think “BEST”- innervates the

A

Brachioradialis, Extensors, Supinator and…Triceps

52
Q
A

Colles’ Fracture

53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q
A
59
Q
A
60
Q
A
61
Q
A
62
Q
A
63
Q
A
64
Q
A
65
Q
A
66
Q
A
67
Q
A
68
Q
A
69
Q
A
70
Q
A
71
Q
A
72
Q
A
73
Q
A
74
Q
A
75
Q
A
76
Q
A
77
Q
A
78
Q
A
79
Q
A
80
Q
A
81
Q
A
82
Q
A
83
Q

It is an inflammation of the tendons and synovial sheaths of the EPB and APL tendons at the wrist. Synonyms for the condition include “mom’s wrist” or “housewife’s wrist.”

A

De Quervian’s Tenosynovitis.

MSK (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions