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Alimentary Anatomy > The Gut Tube > Flashcards

The Gut Tube Flashcards

1
Q

how many constrictions does the oesophagus have and what are they?

A

1) cervical
2) thoracic
3) diaphragmatic

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2
Q

what structures transverse through the oesophageal hiatus?

A

oesophagus
vagus nerve
lymphatics from liver
left gastric artery

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3
Q

what is the arterial blood supply of the oesophagus?

A

branches of the left gastric artery

left gastric artery is a branch of SMA

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4
Q

what is the venous drainage of the oesophagus?

A

left gastric vein

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5
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the oesophagus?

A

left gastric lymphatic group which drains into the celiac group.

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6
Q

the lower end of the oesophagus is one of the important sites for what ?

A

oesophageal varices

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7
Q

what are the 2 orifices of the stomach?

A

cardia

pyloric

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8
Q

what is the pyloric sphincter formed by?

A

thickening of the muscularis externa

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9
Q

what are the gastric folds in the stomach called and what are they formed from?

A

gastric rug

gastric mucosa

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10
Q

how many groups of lymph nodes is the stomach drained by and what are they?

A 
4 groups
superior gastric group
pancreatic group
suprasplenic group
inferior gastric group
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11
Q

the 4 groups of lymph nodes which drain the stomach drain into which group of lymph nodes?

A

celiac lymph nodes

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12
Q

what is the main nerve involved in gastric motility and secretion?

A

vagus nerve

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13
Q

how are the different parts of the small intestine peritonised?

A

duodenum, jejunum and ileum all retroperitoneal

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14
Q

out of the jejunum and ileum, which one contains longer vast recta?

A

jejunum

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15
Q

out of the jejunum and ileum , which one has more fat in its mesentery?

A

ileum

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16
Q

what is the difference in colour between the jejunum and ileum?

A

jejunum is darker pink/red

ileum is paler pink

17
Q

in which part of the small intestine (jejunum or ileum) do the arterial arcades have many small loops?

A

ileum

18
Q

how can the large intestine be distinguished from the small intestine?

A

no villi
haustra / sacculations
teniae coli
omental appendiges

19
Q

what are omental appendages?

A

small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat which is attached to the colon

20
Q

the omental appendages are found on the large intestine, except from where?

A

the rectum

21
Q

in which abdominal region is the right kidney located?

A

the right lumbar

22
Q

what is mcburneys point and why is it useful?

A

the commonest location of the base of the appendix

it is the sit of most tenderness in acute appendicitis

23
Q

what is the arterial supply of the rectum and anal canal?

A

superior 1/3 = superior rectal artery
middle 1/3 = middle rectal artery
inferior 1/3 = inferior rectal artery

24
Q

what is the venous drainage of the rectum and anal canal?

A

superior, middle and lower rectal veins

25
Q

how is the superior 1/3 of the rectum and anal canal peritonised?

A

retroperitonised

anterior lateral

26
Q

how is the middle and the lower 1/3 of the rectum and anal canal peritonised?

A

middle 1/3 = retroperitonised

lower 1/3 = subperitonised

27
Q

what structures are involved in faecal continence?

A

internal and external anal sphincters

pelvic floor

28
Q

from left to right, what is the order of the vessels which supply the anal canal?

A

nerves, artery, vein, lymphatics

29
Q

what is the pectinate line?

A

divides the upper 2/3rds from the lower 1/3rd of the anal canal

30
Q

what is the change in nerve supply from above the pectinate line to below the pectinate line?

A

goes from visceral motor and sensory innervation (autonomic) to somatic motor and sensory innervation

31
Q

what is the difference in the drainage of lymph from above the pectinate line to below the pectinate line?

A

above - drains to the internal iliac lymph nodes

below- drains to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes

32
Q

what structure is found at the free edge of the falciform ligament in the liver?

A

the round ligament

33
Q

what is the round ligament a remnant of?

A

the umbilical vein

34
Q

what is the name for the space between the colon and the abdominal walls laterally ?

A

paracolic gutters

35
Q

what is the clinical significance of the paracolic gutters?

A

when there is an infection which causes fluid in the abdomen, the fluid will fill up in these gutters

36
Q

what 3 abdominal organs lie in the mesentery?

A

the small intestine
the appendix
the transverse colon

37
Q

in what layer of the oesophagus is the skeletal muscle found?

A

the upper 1/3 of the muscularis externa

38
Q

what secretory cells are present in gastric pits?

A

mucous neck cells
parietal cells
chief cells

Alimentary Anatomy (15 decks)

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