The Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 9 gross sections of the abdomen clinically?

A

R hypochondrium, epigastrium, L hypochondrium
R lumbar, periumbillical, L lumbar
R iliac fossa, Hypogastrium, L iliac fossa

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2
Q

name 3 common clinical conditions which can originate from the foregut.

A

peptic ulcer/gastric disease
biliary/pancreatic disease
hepatic disease

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3
Q

name 3 common clinical conditions which can originate from the midgut.

A

small bowel obstruction
appendicitis
proximal colon cancer

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4
Q

name 3 common clinical conditions which can originate from the hindgut.

A
colon cancer (carcinoma of colon)
large bowel obstruction 
diverticular disease
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5
Q

how many constrictions does the oesophagus have and what/where are they?

A

1 - cervical (pharyngo-oesophageal)
2 - thoracic (bronchi-aortic)
3 - diaphragmatic (through the oesophagus hiatus at T 10)

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6
Q

what are the main parts of the stomach?

A

cardia, funds, body and pyloric part

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7
Q

what makes up the pylorus ?

A

pyloric canal and pyloric antrum

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8
Q

what prevents the discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum?

A

the pyloric sphincter

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9
Q

what is the name of the fold inside of the stomach?

A

gastric rugi

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10
Q

what ribs do the liver lie deep to?

A

7-11 on the right side

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11
Q

what is the blood supply of the liver?

A

the portal triad

hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct

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12
Q

what connects the liver to the stomach?

A

lesser momentum

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13
Q

in the portal triad, what lies most anterior?

A

hepatic artery

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14
Q

what is the function of the biliary ducts?

A

transports bile from the liver to the stomach

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15
Q

what biliary duct lies just after the neck of the gallbladder?

A

cystic duct

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16
Q

how many ml of bile can the gall bladder store?

A

up to 50ml

17
Q

what is the blood supply of the gall bladder?

A

cystic artery

18
Q

where would you find the cystic artery?

A

within the triangle of clot

19
Q

what is the role of the pancreas?

A

it is an accessory digestive gland
exocrine = pancreatic juice
endocrine = insulin and glucagon

20
Q

is the pancreas intra peritoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

21
Q

where does the pancreas lie along?

A

the transphyloric plane (L1/L2)

22
Q

what vein is formed behind the pancreas?

A

the portal vein

23
Q

where is the spleen located?

A

in the L hypochondrium region ribs 7-11

24
Q

is the spleen intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

intraperitoneal

25
Q

is the spleen mobile or immobile?

A

mobile because it is intraperitoneal

26
Q

is the pancreas mobile or immobile?

A

immobile because it is retroperitoneal

27
Q

where does the spleen develop from?

A

the dorsal mesogastrium

28
Q

where is the spleen not covered in peritoneum?

A

the hilum

29
Q

what often is the cause of splenomegaly?

A

anaemia and typhoid fever

30
Q

what is the blood supply of the foregut and what is its main branches?

A

celiac trunk
left gastric artery
hepatic artery
splenic artery

31
Q

what vein does the blood from the stomach drain into?

A

the gastric vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC

32
Q

what vein does the blood from the pancreas drain into?

A

the splenic vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC

33
Q

what is the arterial and venous blood supply of the oesophagus?

A

left gastric artery (branch of coeliac trunk)

left gastric vein (tributary to splenic vein)

34
Q

infection found at the oesophagus would drain into what group of lymph nodes?

A

coeliac group of lymph nodes