The Foregut

Question 1

what are the 9 gross sections of the abdomen clinically?

Answer 1

R hypochondrium, epigastrium, L hypochondrium
R lumbar, periumbillical, L lumbar
R iliac fossa, Hypogastrium, L iliac fossa

Question 2

name 3 common clinical conditions which can originate from the foregut.

Answer 2

peptic ulcer/gastric disease
biliary/pancreatic disease
hepatic disease

Question 3

name 3 common clinical conditions which can originate from the midgut.

Answer 3

small bowel obstruction
appendicitis
proximal colon cancer

Question 4

name 3 common clinical conditions which can originate from the hindgut.

Answer 4

colon cancer (carcinoma of colon)
large bowel obstruction 
diverticular disease

Question 5

how many constrictions does the oesophagus have and what/where are they?

Answer 5

1 - cervical (pharyngo-oesophageal)
2 - thoracic (bronchi-aortic)
3 - diaphragmatic (through the oesophagus hiatus at T 10)

Question 6

what are the main parts of the stomach?

Answer 6

cardia, funds, body and pyloric part

Question 7

what makes up the pylorus ?

Answer 7

pyloric canal and pyloric antrum

Question 8

what prevents the discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum?

Answer 8

the pyloric sphincter

Question 9

what is the name of the fold inside of the stomach?

Answer 9

gastric rugi

Question 10

what ribs do the liver lie deep to?

Answer 10

7-11 on the right side

Question 11

what is the blood supply of the liver?

Answer 11

the portal triad

hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct

Question 12

what connects the liver to the stomach?

Answer 12

lesser momentum

Question 13

in the portal triad, what lies most anterior?

Answer 13

hepatic artery

Question 14

what is the function of the biliary ducts?

Answer 14

transports bile from the liver to the stomach

Question 15

what biliary duct lies just after the neck of the gallbladder?

Answer 15

cystic duct

Question 16

how many ml of bile can the gall bladder store?

Answer 16

up to 50ml

Question 17

what is the blood supply of the gall bladder?

Answer 17

cystic artery

Question 18

where would you find the cystic artery?

Answer 18

within the triangle of clot

Question 19

what is the role of the pancreas?

Answer 19

it is an accessory digestive gland
exocrine = pancreatic juice
endocrine = insulin and glucagon

Question 20

is the pancreas intra peritoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 20

retroperitoneal

Question 21

where does the pancreas lie along?

Answer 21

the transphyloric plane (L1/L2)

Question 22

what vein is formed behind the pancreas?

Answer 22

the portal vein

Question 23

where is the spleen located?

Answer 23

in the L hypochondrium region ribs 7-11

Question 24

is the spleen intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 24

intraperitoneal

Question 25

is the spleen mobile or immobile?

Answer 25

mobile because it is intraperitoneal

Question 26

is the pancreas mobile or immobile?

Answer 26

immobile because it is retroperitoneal

Question 27

where does the spleen develop from?

Answer 27

the dorsal mesogastrium

Question 28

where is the spleen not covered in peritoneum?

Answer 28

the hilum

Question 29

what often is the cause of splenomegaly?

Answer 29

anaemia and typhoid fever

Question 30

what is the blood supply of the foregut and what is its main branches?

Answer 30

celiac trunk left gastric artery hepatic artery splenic artery

Question 31

what vein does the blood from the stomach drain into?

Answer 31

the gastric vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC

Question 32

what vein does the blood from the pancreas drain into?

Answer 32

the splenic vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC

Question 33

what is the arterial and venous blood supply of the oesophagus?

Answer 33

left gastric artery (branch of coeliac trunk) | left gastric vein (tributary to splenic vein)

Question 34

infection found at the oesophagus would drain into what group of lymph nodes?

Answer 34

coeliac group of lymph nodes