the glimpse of Sanchi Flashcards
sanchi stupa in mp , preservation led by -
- rulers of bhopal
- shahjehan begum
- sultan jehan begum
who wrote volumes on SANCHI and dedicated rulers of bhopal ?
JOHN MARSHALL
SANCHI STUPA 19th C.
- SHAHJEHAN BEGUM [NWAWB OF BHOPAL][1868-1901]]
SANCHI KANAKHERA
- HILL 20 MILES NORTH EAST OF BHOPAL.
TAJ UL IQBAL BHOPAL TRANSLATED BY
H.D. BARSTOW [1876]
BACKGROUND SACRIFICES AND DEBATES
MID FIRST MILLENIUM BCE - EMERGENCE OF THINKERS
ZARATHUSTRAin IRAN , KONG ZI in CHINA , socrates , plato , aristotle in greece and mahavira and gautama bhuddha in india
sacrificial tradition
EARLY RIGVEDIC TRADITION [c.1500BCE to 100BCE].
Contain hyms of -
agni , indra and soma
performed collectively and later [c. 1000 BCE -500BCE] .
* more elaborate - rajasuya and ashvamedha
new questions
ideas in upanishads generated a variety a question -
- debates took place in kutagarashala,a hut where travelling mendicants took shelter.
- thinkers mahavira and buddha.
beyind worldly pleasures : msg mahavira
about MAHAVIRA
- Jainas[north india] - birth of vardhamana who later known as mahavira.
according to jainism , mahavira was preceded by -
23 teachers or tirthankars
free onself from karma , asceticisim and penance are required.
05 vows taken by jaina:
- abstain from killing
- abstain from stealing
- abstain from lying
- observe cellibacy
- abstain from possesing property
language by jaina - prakrit sanskrit and tamil language.
Jaina text -
- stories from prakrit -uttaradhyayana sutta queen named - kamlavati.
buddha and quest of enlightenment
about gautama buddha
- spread msg across - central asia to china , korea,japan,sri lanka,myanmar,thailand and indonesia.
- siddartha - son of chief - sankya clan
- taught dhammma
teachings of buddha -
- world is transient - anicca
- changing and souless-anatta
- sorrow-dukka
followers of the buddha
budha founded -
‘sanga’ or organisation of monks who teaches ‘ dhamma’
* alms - ‘bhikkus’
* women known as - bhikkhuni’
first women - bhikkuni ?
mahapajpati gotami
buddhist text -
- after death buddha teching were compiled by - [5-4 bce c.]
- vesali - pali for vaishali [bihar]]
- tipitaka - three baskets.
Tipitaka - three baskets?
- VINAYA PITAKA - JOINED SANGA OR MONASTIC ORDER.
- SUTTA PITAKA - BUDDHA’S TEACHING.
- ABHIDHAMMA PITAKA - PHILOSOPHICAL MATTERS.
BHUDDHISM TRAVELLED NEW REGIONS INCLUDE
- SRI LANKA - DIPAVAMA - CHONICLE OF ISLAND
- MAHAVAMSA - GREAT CHRONICLE
BHUDDHISM SPREAD TO EAST ASIA , PILGRIMS -
- FA XIAN AND XUNG ZANG- CHINA TO INDIA
- SUTTA PITAKA - VERSES COMPOSED BY BHIKKUNIS
RULES FOR BUDDHIST MONKS AND NUNS
RULES BY VINAYA PITAKA FOR MONKS AND NUNS-
- BLANKET OR RUG MADE BY BIKKUS - KEPT FOR 6 YEARS
STUPAS
WHAT ARE CHAITYAS
FUNERAL MOUNDS
BUDDHA BIRTH , ENLIGHTMENT , SERMAN AND MAHAPARIBHANA -
- BIRTH - LUMBINI
- ENLIGHTTMENT - NIBANA - BODH GAYA
- SERMON - SARNATH
- MAHAPARINIBHANA - KUSHINAGAR
ASHOKAVADANA
- ASHOKA - RELICS OF BUDDHA RELICS TO TOWNS
BY SECOND CENTURY BCE - STUPAS BUILT
- BHARUT
- SANCHI
- SARNATH
STUPAS PARTS -
- ANDA - SEMI CIRCULAR MOUND OF EARTH
- HARMIKA [BALCONY LIKE STRUCTURE]
- YASTHI - LIKE MAST
- CHHATRI OR UMBRELLA
THE EARLY STUPAS AT SANCHI AND BHARUT WERE
- PLAIN
- GATEWAY WERE RICHLY CARVED AND INSTALLED AT FOUR CARDINAL POINTS.
STUPAS IN AMRAVATI AND SHAHJI-KI-DHERI IN PESHAWAR[PAKISTAN]
- ELABORATELY CARVED WITH NICHES AND SCULPTURE
- FORCED LED BY WHO FOR EALOCATION OF THE PARTS OF AMRAVATI STUPA
ARCHEOLOGIST - H.H.COLE
SCULPTURE OF BUDDHA PERIOD
VESSANTARA JATAKA
- GENROUS PRINCE AND BRAHMIN STORY
- SANCHI IDENTITY SCENE
BODHI TREE SYMBOLISES
- IMP EVENT
EMPTY SEATS?
MEDITATION
THE STUPA REPRESENT
MAHAPARINIBBANA
WHEEL OF DHARMA
FIRST SERMON BUDDHA AT SARNATH
“SHALABHANJIKA”
- ANOTHER FEATURE OF SCULPTURE
- USED IN DECORATION IN STUPAS
GAJALAXMI
- GODDESS OF GOOD FORTUNE AND THE SERPENT ARE ALSO FOUND
WHO CONSIDERED SANCHI TO BE A CENTRE OF TREE AND SERPENT WORSHIP ?
JAMES FERGUSSON
NEW RELIGIOUS TRADITION
“BODHISATTVAS”
DEEPLY COMPASSIONATE BEINGS WHO ACCUMULATE MERIT THROUGH THEIR EFFORTS
HINAYANA OR THERAVADA
- MAHAYANA[GREATER VEHICLE] AND OTHERS ARE CALLED AS HINAYANA[LESSER VEHICLE]
- OLDER TRADITON THEMSELVES AS - THERAVADA PATH OF OLD
GROWTH OF PURANIC HINDUISM
SHAIVISM AND VAISHNAVISM .
ABOUT VAISHNAVISM -
- 10 AVATARS
TALL STUCTURE KNOWN AS -
SHIKHARA
IN TEMPLE - SMALL AQUARE ROOM
GARBHAGRAHIHA
ARTIFICIAL CAVES TRADITION STARTED BY
- ASHOKA - 3 CENTRY BCE - BELONG TO AJVIKA SECT
CRAVING OUT TEMPLE
- KAILASHNATHA - 8TH CENTURY
1814
FOUNDING MEMBERSS OF INDIAN MEUSEUM , CALCUTTA
1834
PUBLICATION OF ESSAY ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE HINDUS
1835 - 42
JAMES FERGUSSON SURVEYS - ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
1989
SANCHI DECALED WORLD HERITAGE SITES
1955
OM NEHRU LAYS THE FOUNDATION STONE OF THE NATIONAL MESEUM , NEW DELHI
1923
CONSERVATION MARSHALL - CONSERVATION MANUAL
1914
JOHN MARSHALL AND ALFRED FOUCHER - MONUMENTS OF SANCHI
