new architecture : HAMPI Flashcards
HAMPI IS ANOTHER NAME OF VIJAYNAGRA EMPIRE - WHICH DERIVED ITS NAME FROM ?
GODDESS PAMPADEVI
- HISTORIAN USED IT TO DESCRIBE - KARNATAKA SAMRAJYAMU
WHO WAS COLIN MACKENZIE?
- BOUGHT UP HAMPI IN 1800
- EAST INIDIA COMNANY
- 1754 - WAS BORN
- ENGINEER SURVEYOR CARTOGRAPHER
WHEN DID COLIN WAS APPPOINTED AS FIRST SURVEYOR GENERAL OF INDIA ?
1815
REMAIN IN POST TILL 1821
COLIN CONDUCTED HIS FIRST STUDY BASED ON
- VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE
- SHRINE OF PAMPADEVI
VIJAYNAGRA EMPIRE FOUNDED BY
- TWO BROTHERS
- HARIHARA AND BUKKA
- IN 1336
LOCATION OF EMPIRE
NORTHERN FRONTIER - SULATANS AND DECCAN
* GAHAPATI RULERS IN ORISSA
* FERTIL RIVER VALLEY
TEMPLES THEY BUILT
- BRIHADISHVARA TEMPLE AT THANJAVUR
- CHENNAKESHAVAA TEMPLE BELUR
- THEY CALLED THEMSELVESRAYAS
KING OF VIJAYNAGRA EMPIRE CALLED THEMSELVES
LORD OF THE MEN
* CALVARY - IMP PART OF WARFARE
HORSE TRADE
- HORSE TRADER CALLED KUDIRAI CHETTIS
- TRADED TO : ARABIA AND CENTRAL ASIA
- CONTROLLED BY : ARAB MERCHANTS
FIRST DYNASTY TO RULE THE EMPIRE :
- SANGAMA
- RULED TILL 1485
SANGAMA DYNASTY REPLACED BY
- SALUVAS
- MILITARY COMMANDERS
- RULE TILL 1503
SALUVAS REPLACED BY
- TULUVA
- KRISHNA DEV RAYA MAJOR RULER
KRISHANDEV RAYA - MAJOR CONTRIBUTION[1509] IN ORISSA
- BOUGHT LAND BETWEEN **TUNGABHADRA AND KRISHNA RIVER CALLED **RAICHUR DOAB[1512]
- DEFEATED RULER OF RISSA - 1514
- SULAATAN OF BIJAPUR = 7 TIMES - 1520
KRISHNADEV RAYA BUILT A TEMPLE
- GOPURAM - BRIHADDISHWARA - TANJAVUR
KRISHNADEV RAYA FOUNDED A SUBURBAN TOWNSHIP NEAR
VIJAYANAGRA - CALLED NAGLAPURAM
AFTER HIS MOTHER NAME
KRISHNADEV RAYA WROTE A BOOK IN TELUGU
AMUKTAMALYADA
KRISHNADEV RAYA GOT DIED IN
1529
HIS SUCCESSORS FACED PROBLEMS
IN 1542 - ANOTHER DYNASTY COME TO POWER
- ARAVIDU
- RULED TILL 17TH C.
SULTAN GET AGAINST AND WAR AGINST EMPIRE
- FOUGHT B/W RAMA RAYA AND SULTAN OF BIJAPUR AHAMAD NAGAR AND GOLKONDA
- BATTLE OF TALIKOTA[RAKSHASI TANGADI]
RAMA RAYA [1565]
- CHIEF MINISTER OF VIJAYNAGRA
- BATTLE OF TALIKOTA
AFFTER RAMA RAYA GOT DEFEATED -
* 1565 - ARAVIDU DYNASTY WHO RULED FROM PENUKONA AND LATER, CHANDRAGIRI NEAR TIRUPATI
WHO ARE NAYAKAS ?
- MILITARY CHIEF
- POWER AND CONTROLLED FORTS AND HAD ARMED SUPPORTERS
- NAYAKARS SPOKE TELUGU OR KANNADA
THE AMARA NAYAKA SYSTEM
- MILITARY POLITICAL INNOVATION
-
IQTA SYSTEM
OF DELHI SULTANATE
AMARA NAYAKAS WERE
MILITARY COMMMANDERS
NAYAKARS - ES. INDEPENDENT KINGDOMS WHICH LED TO DECLINE OF EMPIRE
TEXTS AND BOOKS OF ITALIAN[15TH C.] AND PORTUGAL[16.C ] VISITED CITY
- NICOLO DE CONTI[ITALIAN]
AN AMBASSADOR NAMED - ABDUL RAZAQ[PERSIA]
- AFANASSI NIKITIN[RUSSIA]
FROM PORTUGAL - DURATE BARBOSA
- DOMINGO PAES
- FERNAO NUNIZ
DOMINGO PAES - DECRIBED CITY AS
STOCKED WITH PROVISIONS LIKE RICE WHEAT AND GRAMS
FERNAO NUNIZ DESCRIBED CITY AS
- ABUNDANCE OF FRUITS
NUNIZ DESCRIBES CITY AS
ABUNDANCE OF ANIMALS AND BIRDS
MEAT BEING SOLD IN MARKET OF BISNAG
VIJAYNAGRA SITUATED IN NATURAL BASIN OF
- RIVER TUNGABHADRA
- LARGE GRANNITE HILLS
THE KAMPLAPURAM TANK -
- 15 C.
- CHANNEL WATER TO ROYAL PLACE
- IRRIGATION PURPOSES
HIRIYA CANAL
- DAM BUILT ACROSS TUNGABHANDRA RIVER - DREW WATER FROM
- WATER SEPARATED FOR SACRED COR FROM THE URBAN CORE
- BUILT BY KINGS OF SANGAMA DYNASTY
WHO TALK ABOUT VIJAYNAGRA EMPIRE - FORTIFICATION SYSTEM
- ABDUL RAZZAQ
- AMBADASSOR FROM PERSIA
- 15 TH C.
HE WAS IMPRESSES BY THE FORTIFICATION
FORTIFICATION AND ROADS
- seven lines of forts that surrounded NOT ONLY the urban core but also the agricultural land and forests.
- The outermost wall linked the hills around the city and was made of wedge-shaped blocks of stone that fit well** without any mortar**
- . The inner walls were of earth and rubble
- The fortification was designed to protect the city from sieges by enemies.
- The roads were wide enough to accommodate carts, elephants, horses, and pedestrians
- The roads were also monitored by watch towers, rest houses, and bastions that provided security and convenience for travelers. The roads facilitated trade, commerce, pilgrimage, and administration within the empirE
SECIND LINE OF FORTIFICATION LED TO -
AND THIRD FOR -
- INNER CORE OF URBAN COMPLEX
- ROYAL CENTRE ‘
- HIGH WALLS
URBAN CORE
- The city was divided into three zones: the sacred center, the royal center, and the suburban settlements.
- The sacred center was the area along the Tungabhadra river where many Hindu temples and shrines were located.
- The most famous temple was the Virupaksha temple, dedicated to Shiva, which was also the patron deity of the Vijayanagara rulers.
- The most impressive structure was the Mahanavami Dibba, a massive platform where the king celebrated the annual festival of Navratri and watched military parades, cultural performances, and animal fights.
- MANDAPAS IN THE TEMPLE OF HAMI
CHINESE PORCELIEN IN THE URBAN CORE SHOWS
RICH TRADERS LIVED
WHICH PORTUGUESE TRAVELLER DECRIBED ORDINAY HOUSES IN URBAN CORE
16 TH C. - BARBOSA
ROYAL CENTRE
- 60 TEMPLES
- 30 BUILDINGS - PALACES
- TEMPLE CONTRUCTED IN MISONRY WAY, AND BUILIDING PERISHABLE MATERIAL
- It also had some religious buildings such as the Hazara Rama temple, dedicated to Rama, which had elaborate carvings depicting scenes from the Ramayana.
- LOTUS MAHAL - MACKENZE DESCRIBED ALSO A COUNCIL CHAMBER
- MAHANAVAMI DIBBA AND AUDIANCE HALL*
WHO MADE MAHANAVAMI DIBBA
- It is a stone platform located in the royal center of the Vijayanagara empire in Hampi. It was built by King Krishnadevaraya in 1513 CE to commemorate his victory over Udaygiri.
FEATURES OF MAHANAVAMI DIBBA
- 40FT - HEIGHT AND 1100 SQ FT BASE
- MMAHANAVAMI - 10 DAY HINDU FESTIVAL
- AUTUMN MONTHS - SEPT OCT MONTH
- NAYAKARS AND ING PAY RESPECT AND ON LAST DAY GIFTS WERE GIVEN RICH GIFTS FOR KING.
*
AUDIENCE HALL
- WOODEN PILLARS
- REGULAR INTERVALS
- STAIRCASE GOING TO SECOND FLOOR RESTED ON THESE PILLARS
SACRED CENTRE
- Southern bank of the Tungabhadra river where many Hindu temples and shrines were located.
- SUGGEST PAMPADEV MARRIED VIRUPAKSHA [FORM OF SHIVA]
- HAVE MANY JAINA TEMPLE
- HAVE TRACES OF DYNASTY OF - PALLAVAS CHALUKYAS HOYSALAS AND CHOLAS
- KINGS RULE ON BELHALF OF GOD VIRUPAKSHA . ROYAL ORDERS SIGNED ON NAME -SHRI VIRUPAKSHA
- CALLED HINDU SURATRANA- ARABIC TERM OF SULTAN
Gopurams
- tall entrance towers that mark the gateways to the temple complexes
- They are also called Raya gopurams after the ruling Rayas of the empire.
VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE
- It was built by Lakkana Dandesha, a commander under King Deva Raya II of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 9-10 C.
- It has a nine-tiered eastern gateway . ALSO CALLED EASTERN GOPURAM
VITTHALA TEMPLE LOCATED IN
MAHARSYRA
SEVERAL HALLS
UNIQUE CHARIOT
Mackenzie was the first to bring to light the rich architectural heritage of the Vijayanagara ruins at Hampi. He visited the site in
- 1799
- 1976 - SITE OF NATIONAL IMP
- ARCHAEO. SURVEY OF INDIA AND KARNATAKA DEPT . OF ARCHAEO[20TH C.]
- DIVIDE ENTIRE REFION IN 25 SQUARES AND SET A LETTER
- MAIN SQUARE DIVIDED INTO SEVERAL SMALL SQUARES
