The GI tract L1

Question 1

embryonic foregut= (6)

Answer 1

Oesophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 2

Embryonic midgut=

Answer 2

distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum—-> proximal 2/3 transverse colon

Question 3

Embryonic hindgut=

Answer 3

distal 1/3 transverse colon—> rectum

Question 4

what artery supplies foregut

Answer 4

celiac artery

Question 5

what artery supplies midgut

Answer 5

superior mesenteric artery

Question 6

what artery supplies hindgut

Answer 6

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 7

what makes up the roof of mouth

Answer 7

hard and soft palate

Question 8

what makes up the floor of the mouth

Answer 8

mylohyoid muscle

Question 9

what makes up the posterior mouth

Answer 9

palatoglossal folds

Question 10

3 main salivary glands

Answer 10

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

Question 11

largest salivary gland

Answer 11

parotid

Question 12

how long is the parotid duct

Answer 12

5cm long

Question 13

where is the parotid gland located

Answer 13

inferior and anterior to ear

Question 14

what does the parotid gland lie between

Answer 14

skin and masseter muscle

Question 15

where does the parotid duct enter the vestibule

Answer 15

opposite the upper second molar

Question 16

what nerve innervates the parotid gland

Answer 16

glossopharyngeal

Question 17

where does the submandibular gland lie

Answer 17

deep and superficial, posterior to mandible

Question 18

Where does sublingual gland lie

Answer 18

medial surface of the of mandible

superior and anterior to submandibular glands

Question 19

What type of saliva does submandibular secrete

Answer 19

amylase + thickened with mucus

Question 20

what nerve innervates submandibular

Answer 20

facial nerve

Question 21

Where does the sublingual gland empty into

Answer 21

floor of the mouth in the oral cavity proper

Question 22

type of fluid secreted by sublingual glands

Answer 22

thicker fluid only a small amount of amylase

Question 23

where does the innervation of all muscles of mastication come from

Answer 23

mandibular nerve

Question 24

what nerve innervates the sublingual glands

Answer 24

lingual nerves

Question 25

which pharyngeal nerve do the muscles of mastication come from

Answer 25

first

Question 26

name 4 muscles of mastication

Answer 26

temporalis masseter medial pterygoid lateral pterygoid

Question 27

where does the temporalis muscle originate

Answer 27

bone of temporal fossa

Question 28

what action does the temporalis muscle do (2)

Answer 28

elevates the mandible (Closing mouth) | retracts mandible

Question 29

where does the masseter attach

Answer 29

zygomatic arch and maxillary process of zygomatic bone

Question 30

what does the masseter do

Answer 30

elevate the mandible

Question 31

Where does the medial pterygoid attach

Answer 31

deep (Below masseter muscle)

Question 32

What does the medial pterygoid do

Answer 32

elevates the mandible

Question 33

What does the lateral pterygoid do

Answer 33

depression of the mandible (opens mouth)

Question 34

Where does the lateral pterygoid attach

Answer 34

superior to medial pterygoid | terminates at temporal mandibular joint

Question 35

accessory muscle of mastication=

Answer 35

buccinator

Question 36

oesophagus goes from

Answer 36

C6-T10

Question 37

how long is the oesophagus

Answer 37

25cm

Question 38

upper oesophageal sphincter=

Answer 38

cricopharyngeus muscle

Question 39

lower oesophageal sphincter=

Answer 39

gastro-oesophageal junction T11

Question 40

mucosa of oesophagus

Answer 40

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 41

mucosa of stomach =

Answer 41

simple columnar epithelial cells

Question 42

point at which stratified squamous ---> simple columnar =

Answer 42

histological gastro-oesophageal junction

Question 43

what is Barretts oesophagus

Answer 43

histological gastro-oesophageal junction moves proximal

Question 44

4 sections of the stomach

Answer 44

cardia fundus body pyloric area

Question 45

where is the pyloric sphincter

Answer 45

transpyloric plane (L1)

Question 46

what is the pyloric area of the stomach divided into

Answer 46

pyloric antrum and pyloric canal

Question 47

4 curves of the stomach

Answer 47

greater curvature lesser curvature cardial notch angular incisures

Question 48

what attaches to the greater curvature

Answer 48

gastrosplenic ligament | greater omentum

Question 49

arterial supply of the stomach (3)

Answer 49

left gastric artery right gastric artery right gastro-omental artery

Question 50

where does the left gastric branch off

Answer 50

celiac trunk

Question 51

where does the right gastric artery branch off

Answer 51

hepatic artery proper (off common hepatic artery which is off the celiac trunk)

Question 52

where does the right gastro-omental artery branch off

Answer 52

gastroduodenal artery from the hepatic artery proper

Question 53

three parts of the small intestine

Answer 53

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 54

4 parts of the duodenum

Answer 54

superior descending horizontal / inferior ascending

Question 55

which part of the duodenum is the only non retroperitoneal section

Answer 55

superior

Question 56

which part of the duodenum crosses over the aorta

Answer 56

horizontal / inferior part

Question 57

what do chief cells secrete

Answer 57

pepsinogen | gastric lipase

Question 58

what do partial cells secrete

Answer 58

produce HCL and intrinsic factor

Question 59

What is the ampulla also called

Answer 59

superior duodenum

Question 60

which part of the duodenum contains the major duodenal papilla (and minor)

Answer 60

descending part

Question 61

What is the common entrance for bile

Answer 61

major duodenal papilla