Bile and plasma lipids L8 Flashcards
phospholipid=
a lipid based molecule with a polar head and hydrophobic tail
metabolism
all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state
glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
gluconeogenesis
generation of glucose from non carbohydrate carbon substrates
glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen to glucose
lipolysis
breakdown of lipids from TAG to free fatty acids
what do lipoproteins do
transport lipids and lipid soluble compounds between tissues and organs
what is the exogenous pathway
transports dietary lipids from intestine—> tissues
what is the endogenous pathway
transports endogenously synthesised triglycerides and cholesterol from liver to tissues
what is the structure of a lipoprotein
hydrophobic lipids in core
amphiphilic lipids and proteins on surface
what do chylomicrons do
transport dietary fat from intestine to tissue via plasma
what can transport free fatty acids in plasma
albumin
what are chylomicrons synthesised from (3)
triglycerides
plasma lipids
apoB48
how do chylomicrons enter the blood
via the thoracic duct
what is lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
an enzyme breaks down TAG into free fatty acids + glycerol + chylomicron remnants
how do chylomicron remnants get into the liver
they bind to specific receptors on the surface of liver cells (apoE or remnant receptors) and are endocytosed
what up-regulates lipoprotein lipase
insulin
where is lipoprotein lipase found
high levels on adipose tissue
skeletal muscle
mammary glands
what is the endogenous pathway
transport mechanism for endogenous Triglycerides from liver to peripheral tissues
what are fats and cholesterol arriving at the liver packaged into
VLDL
Where do VLDL travel
from liver to peripheral tissues
when do VLDLs become LDLs
when they meet lipoprotein lipase lose TG
what is produced bc of VLDL losing its fats and becoming LDL
empty HDL
what is reverse cholesterol transport
movement of most cholesterol from peripheral tissues through the blood back to the liver
