Bile and plasma lipids L8

Question 1

phospholipid=

Answer 1

a lipid based molecule with a polar head and hydrophobic tail

Question 2

metabolism

Answer 2

all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state

Question 3

glycolysis

Answer 3

the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

Question 4

gluconeogenesis

Answer 4

generation of glucose from non carbohydrate carbon substrates

Question 5

glycogenolysis

Answer 5

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 6

lipolysis

Answer 6

breakdown of lipids from TAG to free fatty acids

Question 7

what do lipoproteins do

Answer 7

transport lipids and lipid soluble compounds between tissues and organs

Question 8

what is the exogenous pathway

Answer 8

transports dietary lipids from intestine—> tissues

Question 9

what is the endogenous pathway

Answer 9

transports endogenously synthesised triglycerides and cholesterol from liver to tissues

Question 10

what is the structure of a lipoprotein

Answer 10

hydrophobic lipids in core

amphiphilic lipids and proteins on surface

Question 11

what do chylomicrons do

Answer 11

transport dietary fat from intestine to tissue via plasma

Question 12

what can transport free fatty acids in plasma

Answer 12

albumin

Question 13

what are chylomicrons synthesised from (3)

Answer 13

triglycerides
plasma lipids
apoB48

Question 14

how do chylomicrons enter the blood

Answer 14

via the thoracic duct

Question 15

what is lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

Answer 15

an enzyme breaks down TAG into free fatty acids + glycerol + chylomicron remnants

Question 16

how do chylomicron remnants get into the liver

Answer 16

they bind to specific receptors on the surface of liver cells (apoE or remnant receptors) and are endocytosed

Question 17

what up-regulates lipoprotein lipase

Answer 17

insulin

Question 18

where is lipoprotein lipase found

Answer 18

high levels on adipose tissue
skeletal muscle
mammary glands

Question 19

what is the endogenous pathway

Answer 19

transport mechanism for endogenous Triglycerides from liver to peripheral tissues

Question 20

what are fats and cholesterol arriving at the liver packaged into

Answer 20

VLDL

Question 21

Where do VLDL travel

Answer 21

from liver to peripheral tissues

Question 22

when do VLDLs become LDLs

Answer 22

when they meet lipoprotein lipase lose TG

Question 23

what is produced bc of VLDL losing its fats and becoming LDL

Answer 23

empty HDL

Question 24

what is reverse cholesterol transport

Answer 24

movement of most cholesterol from peripheral tissues through the blood back to the liver

Question 25

what is HDL

Answer 25

transporter of cholesterol from peripheral tissues –> liver

Question 26

how are fatty acids catabolised

Answer 26

beta oxidation

Question 27

what is beta oxidation

Answer 27

removal of two carbon atoms at a time attached to coenzyme A forming acetyl CoA

Question 28

what does biliverdin come from

Answer 28

haem

Question 29

what does biliverdin become

Answer 29

bilirubin

Question 30

what happens to bilirubin in the liver

Answer 30

it gets combined with glucuronic acid

Question 31

what is conjugated bilirubin

Answer 31

bilirubin + glucuronic acid

Question 32

how does bilirubin get converted to urobiligen

Answer 32

bacterial flora in the intestine

Question 33

what is brown adipose tissue needed for

Answer 33

heat production

Question 34

what is jaundice

Answer 34

diffusion of bilirubin into tissues due to elevated levels