digestion/ absorption of carbohydrate and protein L2

Question 1

enzymes of the salivary glands

Answer 1

salivary amylase

lingual lipase

Question 2

amylase breaks down

Answer 2

starch

Question 3

lipase breaks down

Answer 3

triacyglycerol

Question 4

stomach enzyme release

Answer 4

pepsin
gastric acid
lipase

Question 5

pancreas enzyme release

Answer 5

amylase
lipase
phospholipase
esterase

Question 6

transverse colon use

Answer 6

bacterial metabolism

Question 7

rectum use

Answer 7

storage of undigested content before excretion

Question 8

starches broken into

Answer 8

monosaccharides

Question 9

sugars broken into

Answer 9

free fatty acids

Question 10

fats broken down into

Answer 10

glycerol

Question 11

proteins broken down into

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

what do mucous cells secrete in the stomach

Answer 12

mucus to protect epithelium

Question 13

what do parietal cells secrete in the stomach

Answer 13

HCL and intrinsic factor

Question 14

What does intrinsic factor do

Answer 14

for vitamin B12 absorption

Question 15

what do chief cells secrete in the stomach

Answer 15

pepsinogen (precursor of pepsin)

Question 16

what do enteroendocrine cells secrete

Answer 16

protein hormones

Question 17

what do stem cells do

Answer 17

give rise to new cells to replace the old mucosal and glandular epithelial cells

Question 18

what part of digestion produces the most H+

Answer 18

gastric

Question 19

3 stimulants of acid secretion

Answer 19

Histamine,
gastrin,
acetylcholine

Question 20

what releases histamine

Answer 20

enterochromaffin life cells

Question 21

What histamine receptors are on parietal cells

Answer 21

H2 receptors

Question 22

why is acetylcholine released

Answer 22

parasympathetic nervous system innervation

Question 23

what receptors does gastrin bind to on parietal cells

Answer 23

CCK2

Question 24

what cells is gastrin released from

Answer 24

G cells in the stomach

Question 25

what does gastrin do

Answer 25

``` stimulates: acid pepsinogen secretion gastric motility Inhibits gastric emptying ```

Question 26

where is secretin secreted

Answer 26

by the duodenum

Question 27

why is secretin secreted

Answer 27

in response to acid

Question 28

what does secretin do

Answer 28

inhibits gastric acid production | increased pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate secretion

Question 29

where is CCK secreted

Answer 29

by the duodenum

Question 30

Why is CCK released

Answer 30

in response to food, especially fat

Question 31

what does CCK do

Answer 31

inhibits gastric secretion and motility | stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate, enzymes and bile secretion.

Question 32

where is somatosatin released

Answer 32

D cells in stomach

Question 33

why is somatosatin released

Answer 33

in response to acid --> inhibits gastric secretion

Question 34

What is cimetidine

Answer 34

H2-receptor antagonist | treats heartburn and GERD

Question 35

what causes stomach ulcers

Answer 35

helicobacter pylori

Question 36

absorption in the ileum of;

Answer 36

monosaccharides amino acids water drugs

Question 37

where does veinous drainage of the vili go

Answer 37

hepatic portal vein

Question 38

what controls entry of nutrients into the peripheral circulation

Answer 38

the liver

Question 39

where does protein denaturation occur

Answer 39

stomach

Question 40

where is alcohol absorbed

Answer 40

the stomach

Question 41

what digestion enzymes are released in the stomach

Answer 41

pepsin | gastric lipase

Question 42

end product of carbohydrates=

Answer 42

disaccharides

Question 43

end product of protein

Answer 43

short peptides

Question 44

end product of fat

Answer 44

monoglycerides long chain fatty acids glycerol

Question 45

how does glucose enter the mucosal cells of the small intestine

Answer 45

active transport of glucose into mucosal cells via a symporter with 2 Na+

Question 46

where do carbohydrates, fats and protein enter the blood stream via

Answer 46

the portal vein

Question 47

how do chylomicrons enter the internal body

Answer 47

lymphatics

Question 48

What is the glycemic index

Answer 48

relative ability of carbohydrate food to increase blood glucose levels

Question 49

benefits of non-starch polysaccharides (3)

Answer 49

absorbs bile acids and cholesterol absorbs carcinogens in the colon increase viscosity of gut content

Question 50

where does most B12 absorption happen

Answer 50

ileum