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Block 3 Ellen > digestion/ absorption of carbohydrate and protein L2 > Flashcards

digestion/ absorption of carbohydrate and protein L2 Flashcards

1
Q

enzymes of the salivary glands

A

salivary amylase

lingual lipase

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2
Q

amylase breaks down

A

starch

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3
Q

lipase breaks down

A

triacyglycerol

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4
Q

stomach enzyme release

A

pepsin
gastric acid
lipase

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5
Q

pancreas enzyme release

A

amylase
lipase
phospholipase
esterase

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6
Q

transverse colon use

A

bacterial metabolism

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7
Q

rectum use

A

storage of undigested content before excretion

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8
Q

starches broken into

A

monosaccharides

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9
Q

sugars broken into

A

free fatty acids

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10
Q

fats broken down into

A

glycerol

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11
Q

proteins broken down into

A

amino acids

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12
Q

what do mucous cells secrete in the stomach

A

mucus to protect epithelium

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13
Q

what do parietal cells secrete in the stomach

A

HCL and intrinsic factor

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14
Q

What does intrinsic factor do

A

for vitamin B12 absorption

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15
Q

what do chief cells secrete in the stomach

A

pepsinogen (precursor of pepsin)

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16
Q

what do enteroendocrine cells secrete

A

protein hormones

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17
Q

what do stem cells do

A

give rise to new cells to replace the old mucosal and glandular epithelial cells

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18
Q

what part of digestion produces the most H+

A

gastric

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19
Q

3 stimulants of acid secretion

A

Histamine,
gastrin,
acetylcholine

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20
Q

what releases histamine

A

enterochromaffin life cells

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21
Q

What histamine receptors are on parietal cells

A

H2 receptors

22
Q

why is acetylcholine released

A

parasympathetic nervous system innervation

23
Q

what receptors does gastrin bind to on parietal cells

A

CCK2

24
Q

what cells is gastrin released from

A

G cells in the stomach

25
Q

what does gastrin do

A 
stimulates: 
acid
pepsinogen secretion
gastric motility 
Inhibits gastric emptying
26
Q

where is secretin secreted

A

by the duodenum

27
Q

why is secretin secreted

A

in response to acid

28
Q

what does secretin do

A

inhibits gastric acid production

increased pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate secretion

29
Q

where is CCK secreted

A

by the duodenum

30
Q

Why is CCK released

A

in response to food, especially fat

31
Q

what does CCK do

A

inhibits gastric secretion and motility

stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate, enzymes and bile secretion.

32
Q

where is somatosatin released

A

D cells in stomach

33
Q

why is somatosatin released

A

in response to acid –> inhibits gastric secretion

34
Q

What is cimetidine

A

H2-receptor antagonist

treats heartburn and GERD

35
Q

what causes stomach ulcers

A

helicobacter pylori

36
Q

absorption in the ileum of;

A

monosaccharides
amino acids
water
drugs

37
Q

where does veinous drainage of the vili go

A

hepatic portal vein

38
Q

what controls entry of nutrients into the peripheral circulation

A

the liver

39
Q

where does protein denaturation occur

A

stomach

40
Q

where is alcohol absorbed

A

the stomach

41
Q

what digestion enzymes are released in the stomach

A

pepsin

gastric lipase

42
Q

end product of carbohydrates=

A

disaccharides

43
Q

end product of protein

A

short peptides

44
Q

end product of fat

A

monoglycerides
long chain fatty acids
glycerol

45
Q

how does glucose enter the mucosal cells of the small intestine

A

active transport of glucose into mucosal cells via a symporter with 2 Na+

46
Q

where do carbohydrates, fats and protein enter the blood stream via

A

the portal vein

47
Q

how do chylomicrons enter the internal body

A

lymphatics

48
Q

What is the glycemic index

A

relative ability of carbohydrate food to increase blood glucose levels

49
Q

benefits of non-starch polysaccharides (3)

A

absorbs bile acids and cholesterol
absorbs carcinogens in the colon
increase viscosity of gut content

50
Q

where does most B12 absorption happen

A

ileum

Block 3 Ellen (8 decks)

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