Digestion and absorption of fats L5

Question 1

Fats broken into

Answer 1

triglycerides and phospholipids

Question 2

structure of triglycerides

Answer 2

3 fatty acids ester bonded to glycerol

Question 3

unsaturated fatty acids contain

Answer 3

double bonds

Question 4

saturated fatty acids contain

Answer 4

no double bonds

Question 5

what do phospholipids come from

Answer 5

cell membranes

Question 6

cholesterol esters come from

Answer 6

animal cell fat stores

Question 7

cholesterol comes from

Answer 7

animal cell membranes

Question 8

TAG=

Answer 8

triaglycerol

Question 9

in water TAG is

Answer 9

immisible

Question 10

What needs to happen to TAG for digestion

Answer 10

emulsified by bile salts and amphipathic lipids

Question 11

amphipathic=

Answer 11

hydrophobic and hydrophillic

Question 12

What happens to TAG in the mouth and stomach

Answer 12

TAG is emulsified and split into droplets

Question 13

how are the TAG droplets stabilised

Answer 13

in the gall bladder (by bile salts)

Question 14

what temp is required for emulsification

Answer 14

37 degrees

Question 15

why is TAG split into droplets

Answer 15

increase surface area for enzymes

Question 16

what do the bile salts and amphipathic lipids do

Answer 16

coat small emulsion particles preventing them re-aggregating into bulk TAG phase

Question 17

what does lipase do

Answer 17

degrade TAG

Question 18

where does most lipase fat digestion happen

Answer 18

pancreatic —> small intestine

Question 19

3 sources of lipase

Answer 19

lingual lipase
gastric lipase
pancreatic lipase

Question 20

what does churning of the stomach do

Answer 20

at 37 degrees emulsifies bulk TAG phase

Question 21

what are micelles

Answer 21

bile salts surrounding long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 22

where do micelles travel to

Answer 22

the apical brush boarder of intestinal epithelial cells

Question 23

what do micelles release at apical brush boarder

Answer 23

products for digestion

Question 24

what happens inside the epithelial cells of the intestine

Answer 24

long chain fatty acids and monoglycerides are recombined to form triglycerides

Question 25

what are chylomicrons

Answer 25

TAG aggregated to, phospholipids, cholesterol and get coved in proteins

Question 26

how do chylomicrons exit the epithelial cell

Answer 26

via exocytosis

Question 27

how do chylomicrons enter the rest of the body

Answer 27

via lacteals (lympathic vessels) and eventually via the left subclavian vein

Question 28

where is bile formed

Answer 28

the liver

Question 29

where is bile stored and concentrated

Answer 29

gallbladder

Question 30

what are bile acids

Answer 30

the break down products of cholesterol

Question 31

what are the primary bile acids (2)

Answer 31

cholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid

Question 32

what stimulates the gallbladder to release bile

Answer 32

CCK from the duodenal mucosa

Question 33

what normally prevents bile release into the intestine

Answer 33

sphincter of oddi

Question 34

risk factor for gall stones

Answer 34

female
caucasion
high cholesterol
over weight

Question 35

what is an enterocyte

Answer 35

cell of the intestinal lining

Question 36

where is lingual lipase released from

Answer 36

ebners glands on dorsal surface of tongue

Question 37

what is most TAG degraded to

Answer 37

2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG)