Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

W/Anatomy final > The gastrointestinal tract (up to the end) > Flashcards

The gastrointestinal tract (up to the end) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneal relationship of the stomach?

A

totally intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the angular incision of the stomach?

A

An indentation on the lesser curvature that marks the junction with the pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What attaches the cardia to the diaphragm?

A

Gastrophrenic ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What level can the fundus reach?

A

level of the 5th IC space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the angle of His?

A

Formed on the greater curvature by the cardial notch / incision, prevents reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 parts of the pyloric part of the stomach?

A
  • Pyloric antrum

- Pyloric canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pylorus?

A

Sphincteric region, with a thick circular layer of smooth muscle named the pyloric sphincter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to the interior of the stomach when there is contraction (swallowing)?

A

Formation of a tunnel, Magen Strasse with longitudinal ridges called gastric folds/rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 parts of the muscular layer of the stomach?

A
  • inner circular layer
  • outer longitudinal layer
  • innermost oblique layer (only from cardia to angular notch)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the gastrosplenic ligament a continuation of, and what does it continue as?

A

continuation of gastrocolic, continues as phrenicosplenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 6 arteries that supply the stomach?

A
  1. Left gastric (branch of celiac trunk)
  2. Right gastric (branch of proper hepatic)
  3. Posterior gastric (from splenic)
  4. Short gastric arteries (form splenic)
  5. Left gastro-epiploic (from splenic)
  6. Right gastro-epiploic (from gastroduodenal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 4 lymph nodes for the stomach?

A
  • gastric lymph nodes
  • pancreatico-splenic
  • pyloric / gastroomental
  • pancreaticoduodenal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the stomach?

A

anterior and posterior vagal trunks + celiac plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the stomach?

A

celiac plexus of T6-T9 through greater splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At what level is the duodenojejunal junction?

A

at the level of L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can we find at the duodenojejunal junction?

A

The ligament of Treitz, which attaches is to the crux of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the duodenal ampulla?

A

connection of pylorus with the duodenum in the superior horizontal part, that is dilated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the superior horizontal part of the duodenum?

A

Intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What attaches at the ampulla of the duodenum?

A

The hepatoduodenal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the name of the opening and sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla in the duodenum?

A

Vater’s papillae, with Oddi sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What opens into the descending duodenum?

A
  • Hepatopancreatic ampulla (common bile duct + main pancreatic duct)
  • Accessory pancreatic duct of Santorini
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the descending duodenum?

A

secondary retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the inferior horizontal duodenum?

A

secondary peritoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What crosses the inferior horizontal duodenum?

A

The SMA/SMV and root of mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the ascending duodenum?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 3 branches that supply the duodenum?

A
  • Superior pancreaticoduodenal (from gastroduodenal)
  • Gastroduodenal artery (from common hepatic)
  • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal (from SMA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the first / minor Riolan anastomosis?

A

Anastomosis of inferior and superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. It marks the border between foregut and midgut embryologically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the innervation of the duodenum (2)?

A
  • Parasymp : vagus

- Syp : greater and lesser splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the descending duodenum?

A

secondary retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the inferior horizontal duodenum?

A

secondary peritoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What crosses the inferior horizontal duodenum?

A

The SMA/SMV and root of mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the ascending duodenum?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the 3 branches that supply the duodenum?

A
  • Superior pancreaticoduodenal (from gastroduodenal)
  • Gastroduodenal artery (from common hepatic)
  • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal (from SMA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the first / minor Riolan anastomosis?

A

Anastomosis of inferior and superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. It marks the border between foregut and midgut embryologically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the innervation of the duodenum (2)?

A
  • Parasymp : vagus

- Symp : greater and lesser splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the jejunum?

A

It’s intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the innervation of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Parasymp : vagal trunks

Symp : T8-T10 sympathetic trunk and lesser splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is important about the ileum histologically? (4)

A
  • Peyer patches on the opposite side of the mesentary
  • Short plica circularis
  • More mesenteric fat than jejunum
  • Short vasa racta
39
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

A remnant of the yolk stalk of the embryo, persists abnormally, “close” to the the ileocecal junction

40
Q

From where to where does the root of mesentery extend?

A

from the duodenojejunal flexure to the ileocecal junction

41
Q

At what level does the SMA arise?

A

At the level of L1

42
Q

What is the arterial supply of the jejunum an ileum?

A

SMA, which gives 15-18 jejunal and ileal branches that form the intestinal arterial arcades

43
Q

What are haustra of the colon?

A

sacculations of the colon separated by haustral folds

44
Q

What is the innervation of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Parasymp : vagal trunks

Symp : T8-T10 sympathetic trunk and lesser splanchnic nerves

45
Q

What are the 3 features that differenciate small and large intestines?

A
  1. omental appendices (little fat pads)
  2. teniae coli
  3. haustra
46
Q

What are teniae coli?

A

3 bands in which the longitudinal muscle fibers are gathered (not including rectum and anal canal)

47
Q

What is the mesocolic teniae?

A

Where transverse and sigmoidal mesocolon attach

48
Q

What is omental teniae?

A

Site of adhesion of the greater omentum to the transverse colon

49
Q

What is teniae libera?

A

Teniae with no attachments

50
Q

What are haustra of the colon?

A

sacculations of the colon separated by haustral folds

51
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the cecum?

A

It is semi-intraperitoneal

52
Q

What is the ileocecal valve of Bauhin?

A

invaginations of the cecum caused by the ileum. The folds meet and form a valve

53
Q

What is the vermiform appendix?

A

A blind intestinal diverticulum that contins masses of lymphoid tissue

54
Q

What is the artery that supplies the cecum and the appendix?

A

The ileocolic artery

55
Q

At which point is the vermiform appendix located?

A

At McBurney’s point

56
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the ascending colon?

A

Retroperitoneal (or semi-intraperitoneal)

57
Q

What can we find between the ascending colon and the abdominal wall?

A

The right paracolic gutter, which is continuous with Subhepatic recess and Morrison’s pouch

58
Q

What is Jackson’s membrane?

A

A membrane covering the anterior surface of the ascending colon that may cause obstruction

59
Q

What is the arterial supply of the ascending colon? (3)

A

Ileocolic, right colic and middle colic branches of SMA

60
Q

What is the arterial supply of the transverse colon? (2)

A

Middle colic branch of SMA and left colic branch of IMA

61
Q

What is the 2nd/major arch of Rioland?

A

Anastomosis of the left colic artery with the middle colic artery

62
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the transverse colon?

A

intra-peritoneal

63
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the descending colon?

A

Retroperitoneal

64
Q

What is the peritoneal relation of the sigmoid colon?

A

Intraperitoneal

65
Q

What is the branch that supplies the descending colon?

A

The left colic artery

66
Q

What is the marginal artery of Drummond?

A

Anastomosis of left and right colic arteries

67
Q

How do we find the rectosigmoidal junction?

A

We see it thanks to the termination of teniae

68
Q

What is the arterial supply of the sigmoid colon?

A

sigmoidal artery (from IMA)

69
Q

What is Sudeck’s point?

A

Anastomosis of sigmoidal artery and superior rectal artery

70
Q

What is the innervation of the colon?

A
  • Parasymp : vagus nerves until 2/3 of transverse, then sacral plexus. It changes at Cannon Bauhm point
  • Symp : superior hypogastric plexus
71
Q

At which level do we find the rectosigmoidal junction?

A

At S3

72
Q

What is the innervation of the rectum?

A

Parasymp : pelvic splanchnic nerves

Symp : lumbar part of sympathetic trunk and superior hypogastric plexus

73
Q

What is Kohlrauasch’s fold?

A

The transverse rectal fold on the right side, that is most prominent

74
Q

What is the ampulla of rectum?

A

dilated part of the rectum below Kohlrausch’s fold

75
Q

What are the peritoneal relations of the rectum?

A

Superior 1/3 : intraperitoneal
Middle 1/3 : retroperitoneal
Inferior 1/3 : infraperitoneal

76
Q

What are the 3 components of the external anal sphincter?

A
  • subcutaneous
  • superficial
  • deep
77
Q

What forms the anal cushions?

A

the superior rectal artery

78
Q

What are the 2 ways of venous drainage for the rectum?

A
  • Through the rectal veins

- Through the submucosal rectal plexus

79
Q

What is the innervation of the rectum?

A

Parasymp : pelvic splanchnic nerves

Symp : lumbar part of sympathetic trunk and superior hypogastric plexus

80
Q

Where does the anal canal begin?

A

At the level of the puborectalis forming a U shaped swing

81
Q

Which anal sphincter is voluntary and which is involuntary?

A

Internal anal sphincter : involuntary

External anal sphincter : voluntary

82
Q

What is the internal anal sphincter a thickening of?

A

Thickening of the circular smooth muscle layer

83
Q

What are the 3 components of the external anal sphincter?

A
  • subcutaneous
  • superficial
  • deep
84
Q

What is zona cutanea?

A

zone that continues below the anocutaneous line, lined by stratified squamous keratinized non-hairy epithelium

85
Q

What do the anal columns of moragni contain?

A

they contain the superior rectal artery and vein

86
Q

What happens to the mucosa in the inferior part of the anal canal?

A

It forms the anal valves of Morgagni

87
Q

What can we find between the anal columns and the anal valves?

A

The anal sinuses

88
Q

What is the pectinate line?

A

It indicates the junction of the superior and inferior part of the anal canals, each derived from the hindgut and the proctodeum respectively

89
Q

What is zona columnaris?

A

zone from anorectal junction to pectinate line, covered by simple columnar epithelium

90
Q

What is zona hemorrhagica?

A

From the pectinate line until the Hilton white or anocutaneous line, covered by stratified squamous non K epithelium

91
Q

What is zona cutanea?

A

zone that continues below the anocutaneous line, lined by stratified squamous keratinized non-hairy epithelium

92
Q

Where is the Hilton white line / intersphincteric groove?

A

At the level of the itnerval between the subcutaneous part of the external anal sphincter and the lower border of the internal sphincter

93
Q

What do we call the “anoderm”?

A

The zona hemorrhagica and cutanea together

94
Q

What is the innervation of the anal canal?

A

Superior to pectineate line : inferior hypogastric plexus

Inferior to pectineate line : inferior anal / rectal nerves

W/Anatomy final (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions