The Function of Respiration Flashcards
What is the process of respiration?
Cells need oxygen to carry cellular respiration to produce energy and throw out carbon dioxide
Why does cells need continuous supply of O2?
To preform cellular respiration to create energy
What is cellular respiration?
Chemical process when oxygen is used to make energy from carbs (glucose inside cells)
What is the main function of respiration?
Ensure oxygen is in the body and in cell, where carbon leaves
What factors are needed for respiration?
- surface = area needs to be large enough for gas exchanges of CO2 and O2 quickly for cell needs
- moisture = gases dissolved in water can be used
- both factors contribute to ventilation -> moving oxygen rich water/air over respiratory surfaces
What is diffusion?
Substances that move an area of high concentration to low -> allow gas exchange
What factors affect the rate of diffusion?
- diffusion distance
- concentration difference
What is diffusion distance
- distance a molecule has to travel to diffuse from one place to another
- distance between air in alveoli and capillaries (blood)
What is the respiratory membrane?
Used to sep. alveoli and capillaries -> small distance to allow quicker rate of diffusion
- if inflamed - causes shortness of breath
What is the stages of respiration gas exchange?
- breathing
- inspiration
- expiration - external respiration
- exchange of gas (CO2 and O2) between inspiration air inside lungs (alveoli) and blood
- deliver O2 from lungs to blood and eliminate CO2 –> from blood to lungs (BETWEEN LUNGS AND BLOOD) - internal respiration
- exchange of gases between blood and tissue - Cellular respiration
- series of energy-releasing chemical reaction within cells (mitochondria and cytoplasm)
- provide energy
What are the main requirements of respiration surfaces?
- has to be large enough for gas exchange quickly
- must be moist for gas to dissolve in H2O
- Animals uses surface, gills, trachea instead of lungs
4. organism uses ventilation = move O2 containing water/air over res. surface
What is the gas exchange in aquatic environments?
- Contains O2 as a dissolved gas
- organism take O2 through gills to allow gas exchange
- fish exchange gas by taking water into mouth and pumping it over gills (ventilation, supply air to lungs) - dissolve O2 in H2O to diffuse into capillaries
- CO2 diffuse from blood to gill tissues to go out of body
What is current exchange mechanism?
Current air flow will move opposite directions
ex. blood and water flow opposite direction -> diffuse gradient of O2 is kept high
What is diffusion gradient?
oxygen molecules move from high concentration to low –> allow gas exchange
What is the gas exchange on land?
air pressure in lungs (similar to diffusion) - due to medulla - see how much CO2 is in bloodstream that stimulate brain to increase/decrease amount of O2
What is the process of gas exchange through diaphragm and intercostal muscles?
- inhalation
- draws O2 rich air outside of body into lungs
- rib muscles and diaphragm contract (move downwards) to expand chest cavity (P/V=P/V) - air is drawn to lungs of area of high pressute to low (causing molecules to be further apart but still same number of them) - exhalation
- gas exchange between lungs and blood -> eliminate CO2
- intercostal and diaphragm relax to contract chest cavity -> reduce volume of chest cavity and air pressure increase
- diaphragm goes back up and air is being pushed by lungs
What is a diaphragm?
dome-shaped layer of muscle, separating regions of lungs (thoracic cavity) from abdominal cavity
What is respiration rate affected by?
- excitement
- temperature
- exercise
- fever of pain
- O2 level in blood
- change in environment
Why is ventilation important?
Allows the increase efficiency of moving O2 over res. surface
How does air come in and out of lungs?
- diffusion
inhalation: - outside body = high concentration of O2
- Lungs = low concentration of O2
+ The medulla oblongata
How do fishes breath underwater?
there is O2 in water
How does the pleural membrane allow lungs to expand and relax?
There is space in between these layers and come together to breathe in and relaxes back to breathe out
What controls pressure in lungs
intercostal muscles and diaphragm
Why is lube important for pleural membrane?
Allowing glinding without friction (this causes shortness of breath and pain) - breath without pain
What if the concentration difference is large?
Diffusion is quicker - if almost similar, theres no point in going fast, so slower
Why do athletes tend to train in higher altitudes?
Because there is lack of oxygen –> allowing the build up of a higher lung capacity (more O2 coming in)
Why are gills important for aquatic animals?
- higher surface area = because water has less O2
