Digestive System Flashcards
What is the primary role of the mouth?
help digest food by reducing its size
What does the salivary gland create (mouth)?
creates saliva which makes amylase that breaks down simple sugars
What is the mechanical digestion in the mouth?
biting, chewing, etc - expose more surface area for enzymes to get more access to the food
What does the esophagus make food into?
Bolus - enzyme + food
What is the trachea flap?
Epiglottis - which closes when food goes down so it doesn’t go the wrong pipe
What do the glands in the esophagus do for the transportation of food?
Creates mucus and helps swallowing
What is in the entrance of the stomach?
Esophageal sphincter - which prevents acid to be released out of the stomach
How does food go down the esophagus?
Peristalsis - which relaxes and contraction (pushing food down)
What is rugae?
The 3 layers of muscle fibers and contract and relax to mix food with gastric juice
What is chyme?
bolus + gastric juice
What does the stomach produce?
Pepsin, a type of protease enzyme that digests protein
How is the stomach not eat itself?
due to the 3 protective layer
- the mucus –> protecting the stomach lining and used to digest food (chemically and mechanical)
What are chief cells?
Cells that produce pepsinogen that are inactive forms of pepsin and only are active when food comes in and mix with gastric juices
When are gastric juices produced?
when food enters the body
What is the parietal cells?
Creates HCl
What initiates stomach contraction?
The nerves in stomach
What happens in the small intestine?
Digestion finishes and absorption begins
Properties of the duodenum:
- receives enzymes from pancreas to further digest macromolecules
- has villi to max surface area
Properties of the jejunum:
- more foods
- further break down macronutrients
Properties of ileum
- contains fewer villi and pushes waste to large intestine
What are important roles that the pancreas does for the digestive system?
- makes fluid to neutralize pH of chymes
- creates insulin
- release enzymes in small intestines
What are important roles that the gallbladder does for the digestive system?
Stores biles to be released in small intestine by ducts
What are important roles that the liver does for the digestive system?
Produces bile
What factors affects an enzymes ability to function?
- temp
- pH
- both have max points and then decrease as it denatures bond permanently
Before being converted to energy, what do the smaller molecules (broken down macromolecules) go?
to the liver to be converted
What is the actual process of lipids digesting
- by bile, it breaks the bond into fatty acid and glycerol which allows absorption in cell and make is triglycerides –> becomes aqueous
What happens in large intestine
- water absorption
- feces turn brown due to bilirubin –> breakdown of hemoglobin
Why is fiber important?
Humans can not digest cellulose and allows stool to not be dry
What is the benefits of bacteria
- has vitamin k and b
- helps with bloating, gas, yeast overgrowth, control pH level, acidity in small intestine
What is bile
greenish yellow fluid that help digest fats
