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World History > The French Revolution and Napoleon > Flashcards

The French Revolution and Napoleon Flashcards

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1
Q

What did the French Revolution establish

A

A new political order

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2
Q

Who gained and lost an empire

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

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3
Q

Who forged a balance of power

A

European states

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4
Q

What caused the French Revolution

A

Economic and social inequalities in the Old Regime

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5
Q

What is the Old Regime

A

A social and political system in France

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6
Q

WHat does the Old Regime refer to in France

A

The three estates

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7
Q

What are the three estates (in order)

A

Clergy, nobility, and everyone else

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8
Q

What was the first estate and what did they do

A

Catholic clergy, owned 10% of land and pay little taxes

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9
Q

What was the second estate and what did they do

A

Rich nobles, 2% of the population, owned 20% of land

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10
Q

What was the third estate

A

everyone else, Heavy taxes, wanted change

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11
Q

Which estate did the enlightenment ideas inspire

A

3rd

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12
Q

What was an economic trouble

A

High taxes and rising costs

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13
Q

What was King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette known for

A

extravagance

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14
Q

What did king Louis XVI do to the nation’s debt

A

he doubled it

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15
Q

What did the bank do about Louis doubling the debt of the nation

A

The bank refused to lend more money

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16
Q

What was wrong with King Louis XVI

A

he had poor decisions and had a lack of patience

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17
Q

What is the meeting of representatives from all three estates

A

Estates-General

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18
Q

Who called together the Estates-General

A

King Louis XVI

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19
Q

WHo were in the Estates General

A

all three estates

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20
Q

who had little power under old rules

A

The third estate

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21
Q

What persuaded them to make major changes in the French government

A

Sieyes

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22
Q

What was a new legislature to make reforms

A

National Assembly

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23
Q

What was it called where delegates decide to write new constitution for France

A

Tennis Court Oath

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24
Q

What did the do when they were locked out of their usual meeting place

A

they congregated in a tennis court and laid further foundation for revolutionary ideas

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25
Q

What were the rumors about Louis in Paris about`

A

That Louis wants to suppress the National Assembly`

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26
Q

Why did guards die

A

Mob attacks and seizes Bastille

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27
Q

Rumours throughout France were about what of royalist troops

A

Royalist troops becoming wandering vandals

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28
Q

What was attacks by peasants taking place across France

A

Great Fear

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29
Q

Because the peasants thought that royalist troops were wandering vandals what did they do

A

they broke into nobility homes

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30
Q

Why did the Parisian women revolt

A

rising price of bread

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31
Q

What did the peasants destroy

A

legal papers

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32
Q

who demanded action, forcing Louis to return from Versailles to Paris

A

Peasants

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33
Q

What did the revolutionary government of France do

A

They made reforms but also used terror and violence to retain power

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34
Q

What adopted the Declaration of rights of man and of the citizens

A

National Assembly

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35
Q

What was the slogan that the revolutionary leaders used

A

Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

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36
Q

What were the two things that the National Assembly did to alarm many devout Catholics

A

They seized church lands and turned clergy into public official

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37
Q

Who attempted to escape France

A

Louis XIV

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38
Q

Who caught the royal family near Netherlands’ border

A

Revolutionaries

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39
Q

What was the name of the new constitution that the Assembly finished

A

Legislative Assembly

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40
Q

What was the Legislative Assembly

A

New body created to pass laws

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41
Q

What were some major problems

A

debt and food shortages

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42
Q

What did the Assembly get split into

A

Radicals, Moderates, and Conservatives

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43
Q

What were nobles that leave the country because they miss the Old Regime; bring money elsewhere

A

Emigres

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44
Q

What were lower class who want more change from the revolution

A

Sans-culottes

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45
Q

Another word for Sans-culottes

A

without fancy pants

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46
Q

WHo wanted Louis in charge of France

A

Austrians and Prussians

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47
Q

Who threatened to attack Paris

A

Prussian

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48
Q

What did the parisian mob do

A

Jail royal family and kills guards

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49
Q

What did the Mobs break into

A

Prisons

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50
Q

What did the Legislative Assembly do because they were being pressured by mob

A

depose the king

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51
Q

Who formed a French Republic

A

National Convention

52
Q

Who did the French army win against

A

Prussians and Austrians

53
Q

Who joined forces against France

A

Britain, Spain, and Holland

54
Q

Who ordered a draft of 300,000 to reinforce the army

A

NAtional convention

55
Q

Who were radical political organization behind 1792 government changes

A

JAcobins

56
Q

Who was found guilty of treason and beheaded

A

Louis XVI

57
Q

What was a machine designed during the revolution to behead people

A

Guillotine

58
Q

Did all people in France support all changes of the Revolution

A

No

59
Q

Who was a Jacobin leader who ruled France for a year and became leader of the Committee for Public Safety

A

Maximillien Robespierre

60
Q

What was the time called when Robespierre ruled; time included killing of many opponents

A

Reign of Terror

61
Q

How many people died during the Terror

A

40,000+

62
Q

When did Marie Antoinette die

A

during the reign of terror

63
Q

Who included 85 percent of the people that died in the reign of terror

A

middle and lower class

64
Q

How did Robespierre die

A

He was arrested then executed

65
Q

What happened when Robespierre died

A

public opinion shifted away from radicals

66
Q

Who wrote a new constitution

A

Moderate leaders

67
Q

What restored orders

A

Two-house legislature and five-man Directory

68
Q

What made Napoleon Bonaparte commander of armies

A

New government

69
Q

Who was a military genius, seized power in France, and made himself emporer

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

70
Q

Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born

A

Corsica

71
Q

WHat did Napoleon Bonaparte do in Corsica

A

attend military school and joined the army

72
Q

Who did Napoleon defeat

A

Royalist rebels that are attacking the National Convention

73
Q

How did Napoleon gain popularity

A

winning battles

74
Q

What happened to news of Napoleon’s defeats in Egypt

A

They were suppressed

75
Q

What was seizure of power; overthrow of government and its power

A

Coup d’etat

76
Q

Who carried out a coup

A

Napoleon

77
Q

Napoleon defeated who

A

British, Russians, and Austrians

78
Q

What is the vote of the people; new constitution was formed by this

A

Plebiscite

79
Q

WHo crowned himself emperor of France

A

Napoleon

80
Q

What did Napoleon do to fix the economy

A

He set up national banking system, efficient tax collection

81
Q

What was government-run public schools to train officials

A

Lycees

82
Q

What did Napoleon infest in

A

Parks and infrastructure

83
Q

What was another word for agreement

A

concordat

84
Q

Who did Napoleon sign a concordat with and what did it do

A

Pope/ restored Catholicism in France

85
Q

What was an uniform system of laws set forth by Napoleon to unify France

A

Napoleonic Code

86
Q

What was Napoleon’s greatest achievement in government

A

Napoleonic Code

87
Q

What did the napoleonic code recognize

A

that all men were equal before the law and guaranteed freedom of religion as well as a person’s right to work in any occupation

88
Q

Where did Napoleonic code put the interests of the states

A

above those of individual citizens and it dropped laws passed during the revolution that had protected the rights of women and children

89
Q

Under King Louis XVi who could go to school

A

only the privileged

90
Q

Who were taught respect for elders and religion

A

Pupils

91
Q

What did the education system in France change

A

It made schools stress the importance of obedience and military

92
Q

WHo were setup to allow any skilled person to become a military officer

A

Lycees

93
Q

What two subjects became more important in secondary schools

A

Science and math

94
Q

WHo had absolute power and could not be removed

A

King Louis XVI

95
Q

Who made all the laws

A

the king

96
Q

Who became the emperor of France

A

Napoleon

97
Q

How many national assemblies were there with members chosen by napoleon from candidates elected by the people

A

two

98
Q

Napoleon attempted to retake what

A

The colony of Saint Domingue

99
Q

AFter Napoleon gave up on AMerica, who did who concentrate on

A

Europe

100
Q

What did Napoleon sell to the UNited States for $15 million

A

Louisiana Territory

101
Q

WHo joined forces against Napoleon

A

Russia, Austria, and Sweden

102
Q

Who did Napoleon force to sign a peace treaty

A

Austria, Russia, and Sweden

103
Q

What was the battle that ensured British naval superiority

A

Battle of Trafalgar

104
Q

Napoleon didn’t control what parts of Europe

A

Britain, Portugal, Sweden, and Ottomans

105
Q

WHat did Napoleon’s conquests do

A

they aroused nationalistic feelings across Europe and contributed to his downfall

106
Q

WHat is forced closing of ports

A

blockade

107
Q

what is an economic plan to strengthen Europe and weaken Britain

A

Continental System

108
Q

How did Napoleon strike Britain

A

through a blockade

109
Q

Who made FRance’s blockade fail

A

Smugglers and uncopperative allies

110
Q

Who made a blockade after FRance

A

Britain

111
Q

WHere did Napoleon send troops

A

to SPain to attack Portugal

112
Q

Who did Napoleon make king of SPain

A

his brother

113
Q

who were small groups that attacked and then disappear

A

guerrillas

114
Q

How many soldiers did Napoleon lose during the Peninsular War

A

300,000

115
Q

Where did nationalist rebels fight the french

A

in other conquered territiories

116
Q

Why did Napoleon decide to invade

A

Relations with Russia break down

117
Q

How many men were in Napoleon’s army

A

420,000

118
Q

WherDuting what battle did the Russians retreat from MOscow

A

Battle of Borodino

119
Q

How many soldiers did Napoleon lose to the cold weather

A

thousands

120
Q

WHat was the policy called where russians destroyed crops and livestock

A

scorched-earth policy

121
Q

WHo joined forces against Napoleon

A

Britain, Prussia, Sweden, Russia, and AUstria

122
Q

who defeated Napoleon’s new army

A

allied powers

123
Q

WHere was Napoleon exiled to

A

Island of Elba

124
Q

Who was soon overthrown and Napoleon quickly returned

A

Louis XVIII

125
Q

WHat is british, Prussian forces that defeated Napoleon’s army

A

Waterloo

126
Q

What was Napoleon’s last attempt at power

A

Hundred Days

World History (11 decks)

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