Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin
Britian
What did the Industrial Revolution have a strong impact on
economics, politics, and safety
What greatly increased the output of machine-made goods
The Industrial Revolution
What was it called when large farm fields are enclosed by fences or hedges
Enclosures
Who bought enclosed land, once owned by village farmers
wealthy landowners
What did Enclosures allow
experimentation with new agricultural methods
What is the switching of crops each year to avoid depleting the soil
crop rotation
Why did livestock breeders only allow the best to breed
improve food supply
What is the move to machine production of goods
Industrialization
What natural resources did Britain have
coal, iron, rivers, and harbors
What did the Expanding economy in Britain encourage
investment
What is land, labor, and capital
factors of production
What did weavers use to work faster
flying shuttle and spinning jenny
What did the water frame use to drive spinning wheels
water power
what is a spinning mule that sped up production
Power loom
What are buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing
factories
what boosted American cotton production to meet british demand
Cotton Gin
Who developed the Steam Engine
James Watt
Who is someone who organizes, manages, and takes business risks
Entrepreneur
Who built the first steamboat
Robert Fulton
What did the system of canals do
it improved England’s water transport
What did companies operate the roads as
toll roads
Who built the first steam-driven locomotive
Richard Trevithick
Who built the world’s first railroad line
George Stephenson
Who built a railroad from Liverpool to Manchester
Entrepreneurs
What was Stephenson’s Rocket acknowledged as
best locomotive
What did Railroads spur
industrial growth
What did cheaper transportation boost
many industries
What did the Industrial Revolution lead to
economic, political, and social reforms
What is an economic policy of not interfering with businesses
Laissez-faire
Who did laissez-faire originate with
Enlightenment economic philosophers
Who was a defender of free markets
Adam Smith
What book did Adam Smith write
The Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith believed that economic liberty guarantees what
economic progress
What are economic natural laws
self-interest, competition, and supply and demand
Who (2 people) boosted Laissez-faire capitalism
Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo
What is a system a privately owned businesses seeking profit
Capitalism
Who thinks that population grows faster than food supply
Malthus
who envisioned a permanent, poor underclass providing cheap labor
Ricardo
What is it when you judge things by their usefulness
utilitarianism
Who favored regulation to help workers,spread wealth
John Stuart Mill
Who improved working conditions
Robert Owen
What are factors of production owned by, operated for the people
Socialism
Who thinks that the government control can end poverty , bring equality
Socialists
Who was a german journalist who proposed a radical socialism
Karl Marx
Who was a German, whose father owns a Manchester textile Mill
Friedrich Engels
Who believed that capitalism will eventually destroy itself
Karl Marx
What caused workers to revolt, seize factories and mills
Inequality
What is a society where people own, share the means of production
Communism
Where did Marx’s ideas later take root in
Russia, China, and Cuba
Who believed society is divided into warring classes
Marx and Engels
What is another word for “haves”
bourgeoisie
What is another word for the “have-nots”
proletariat
who predicted that the workers will overthrow the owners
Marx and Engels
What are associations formed by laborers to work for change
Unions
What did Unions negotiate
a better pay
What does it mean to call a work stoppage
strike
What kind of workers are first to form unions
Skilled workers
What did the U.S have to fight for
the right to form unions
What were some union goals
higher wages, shorter hours, and improved conditions
What did the U.S eventually end
child labor
What did U.S. pass laws to stop
worst abuses of industrialization
How many hours were the children limited too
10 hours
Who helped end slavery
reformers
Who pursued economic and social rights
women
What was the name of the worldwide membership founder in 1888
International Council for Women
Who established free public schools
reformers
