Absolute monarchs in Europe Flashcards
who began ruling Spain and its possessions
Philip II
who seized portugal in 1580
Philip II
What from America made Spanish extremely wealthy
Gold and Silver
who defended Catholicism against Muslims
Philip II
Muslims were also what
protestants
what helped defeat Ottomans
Spanish fleets
The Spanish Armada was defeated by who
The British
Who used unusual style to convey religious themes
El Greco
Works of Velazquez showed Spanish Court what
life
Who wrote Don Quixote
Miguel de cervantes
What weakened Spain”s economy
Inflation
What prevented development of middle class
Taxes on lower class
Why were Spain’s enemies rich
Spaniards bought goods abroad
Who declared bankruptcy three times due to weak economy
Philip II
Who won independence from Spain
Protestants in Netherland
What is the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth
Divine Right
What is the political belief that one ruler should hold all of the power within the boundaries of the country
Absolutism
Absolutism was practiced by who
Several monarchs
What has been used through many regions in history
Absolutism
what 2 things helped monarchs gain power
rise of cities and decline in Church Authority
Which century was a period of great upheaval
17th
How did the monarchs impose order
by increasing their own power
Who ruled France
Louis XIV
who ascended to French throne
Henry
What is the name of a declaration of religious toleration
Issues Edict of Nantes
Who was a minister that ruled France
Louis XIII
How did the bourbons increase power (2 ways)
by limiting Huguenots freedom and weakens power of nobility
Another word for French Calvanist
Huguenots
Who was the Edict of Nantes put forth by
Henry IV
What is the idea that nothing can be known for certain
Skepticism
Who explored ideas about life’s meaning in essays
Montaigne
Who used observations and reason to create new philosophy
Descartes
Who is the most powerful ruler in French history
Louis XIV
Who was a finance minister
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Who canceled the Edict of Nantes
Louis
Who kept nobles at palace to increase his power over them
Louis
Where did Louis build a magnificent palace
Versailles
What is a center of arts during reign of Louis
Versailles
What was the purpose of the arts
to glorify Louis
Who fought wars to expand France
Louis
Many countries united against Louis where
League of Augsberg
How was France weakened (3 ways)
Poor harvests, warfare, and high taxes
Who died leaving a mixed legacy
Louis
What made France a major military and cultural power in Europe
Rule
What left France with heavy debts
Louis’ wars and palace
Who became King of Russia
Ivan the terrible
Who were landowning nobles
Boyars
czar means what
caesar
Who killed boyars and seized lands
Ivan the terrible
Who became czar in the period of turmoil
Michael Romanov
Ivan began as what
a respectable ruler
What turned Ivan into a monstrous tyrant
His anxiety and decline in mental health
Who killed his own son
Ivan the terrible
Who began to reform Russia after becoming czar
Peter the Great
Who visited western Europe to learn European ways
Peter
What is using Western Europe as a model for change
westernization
Who brought the Orthodox Church under state control
Peter
Who introduced potatoes
Russia
Who wanted a sea port that make travel to the West easier
Peter
