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ANAT315 > the forearm and hand > Flashcards

the forearm and hand Flashcards

1
Q

how is the radioulnar joint arranged?

A

into 3 distinct joint

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2
Q

what type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
what articulates? what type of movement does it allow?
what are its reinforcing structures?

A

-synovial joint
-head od radius with radial notch of ulna
-pivot (rotation)
annular ligament holds the head of the radius to the ulna

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3
Q

what type of joint is the middle radioulnar joint? what articulates? what type of movement does it allow?
what are its reinforcing structures?

A
  • solid, syndesmosis joint
  • -shaft of radius and ulna
  • no movement
  • interosseus membrane which connects the ulna and radius together
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4
Q

what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint? what articulates? what type of movement does it allow?
what are its reinforcing structures?

A
  • synovial joint
  • head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
  • pivot (rotation)
  • ventrl and dorsal radioulnar ligament
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5
Q

how can supination be described?

A

bones of the radius and ulna are parallel to each other

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6
Q

how can pronation be described?

A

radius will cross over the top of the ulna

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7
Q

how many carpal bones do we have in our hands?

where are they located?

A
  • 8

- the carpal bones formes the base of the hand, closest to the wrist

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8
Q

what are the Carpal bones Name?

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
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9
Q

what trick can be used to recall the carpal bones? in what direction does it go?

A

some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

goes fro lateral to medial for both rows

also can use venturas trick: so long to pinky here comes the thumb

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10
Q

what is a main source of wrist injuries?

A

often occur due to the scaphoid fracture which occurs due to tripping hands flat to the ground

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11
Q

how many metacarpals are there in the hand?

A

5

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12
Q

how is the morphology of phalanges and metacarpal bones?

A

they are divided into 3 subsections, head, body and base

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13
Q

how many phalanges can be found on the thumb? on the other fingers?

A

thumb 2: distal and proximal

others = 3: distal, middle and proximal

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14
Q

what type of joint is the intercarpal joints?
what do they articulate with?
what movement is permitted?

A
  • synovial
  • articulate between the carpal bones
  • plane and gliding
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15
Q

what is another name given to the wrist joint?

A

radiocarpal joint

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16
Q

what type of joint is the radiocarpal joints?

what do they articulate with?

A
  • synovial, ellipsoid
  • articulations between distal radius, triangular fibrocartilage disc and the proximal row (row closest to wrist) of carpals except Pisiform
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17
Q

what movement can be accomplished by the radiocarpal joint?

A

flexion/extension

abduction (radial deviation)/ adduction (ulnar deviation)

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18
Q

what ligaments reinforce the joints of the wrist and what movement do they limit?

A
  • radial collateral ligament prevents adduction (U.D)

- Ulnar collateral ligament prevents abduction (R.D)

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19
Q

where about in the hand is the metacarpophalangeal ( MCP) joint found

A

between the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges

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20
Q

what type of joint is MCP?

what movement can be executed?

A

synovial, ellipsoid joint
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction

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21
Q

where in the hand is the carpometracarpal (CMC) joint I found?

A

between the 1st metacarpal and trapezium

22
Q

what type of joint is CMCI?

what movement can be executed?

A

synovial, saddle joint
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
opposition (movement specific to humans)

23
Q

where in the hand is the carpometracarpal (CMC) joint II-V found?

A

between the distal row (closer to fingers) of carpal bones and the metacarpals II-V

24
Q

what type of joint is CMCII-V?

what movement can be executed?

A

synovial ellipsoid joint

very limited movement, however, CMC IV and V facilitate opposition to thumb

25
Q

what type of joint is the interphalengeal joints(IP)

what movement can be executed?

A

-synovial hinge joint
-articulates between the proximal and middle phalanges (PIP)
and between the middle and distal phalanges (DIP)
-flexion/extension

26
Q

what is the anterior compartment of the forearm composed of?

A

flexors and pronators of the wrist and flexors of the digits

27
Q

what is the posterior compartment composed of?

A

extensors and supinators of the wrist and extensors of the digits

28
Q

what are the pronators of the forearm?

A
  • pronator teres

- pronator quadratus

29
Q

Pronator Teres

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
  • innervation

Located?

A
  • origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
  • insertion: lateral radius
  • action: pronation of the forearm
  • innervation: Median nerve C6-C7

location: superficial layer

30
Q

pronator quadratus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
  • innervation

Located?

A
  • origin: anterior distal ulna
  • insertion: anterior distal radius
  • action: pronation
  • innervation: anterior interosseous of median nerve (c8-t1)

Located? deep layer

31
Q

what are the supinators of the forearm?

A
  • biceps brachii

- supinator

32
Q

supinator

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
  • innervation

Located?

A
  • origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • insertion: proximal lateral radius
  • action: supination
33
Q

when performing hammer curls in what position are we?

what muscle has the strongest pull?

A
  • neutral

- strongest pull: brachioradialis

34
Q

when performing reverse bicep curls in what position are we? what muscle has the strongest pull?

A

pronated

-strongest pull: brachialis

35
Q

when performing bicep curls in what position are we?

A

supination

strongest pull: biceps brachii

36
Q

what muscle of the arm is at a disadvantage in pronation?

A

biceps brachii

37
Q

what muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the forearm in the superficial layer

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris Longus
  • Flexor carpi Ulnaris
38
Q
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
  • insertion: base of Metacarpals 2-3
  • action: flexion and abduction (R.D) of the hand at the wrist
39
Q
  • palmaris Longus
  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
  • insertion: palmar aponeurosis
  • action: flexion of hand at the wrist (weak)
40
Q
  • Flexor carpi Ulnaris
  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
  • insertion: pisiform, hamate and base of metacarpal 5
  • action: flexion and adduction (U.D) of the hand at the wrist
41
Q

How can the superficial muscles of the anterior arm compartment be easily remembered

A

place thumb on the medial epicondyle and lay the digits along the anterior forearm
begin with index (pronator teres)

42
Q

what 3 tendons can be found on the anterior forearm and where?

A
  • tendon of flexor carpi radialis: most lateral
  • tendon of palmaris longus: middle one
  • tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris: most medial
43
Q

what muscle is found in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor Digitorum superficialis (FDS)

44
Q

Flexor Digitorum superficialis (FDS)

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus, head and proximalthird of the radius
  • insertion: 4 tendons spliting on the side of the middle phalanges II-V
  • action: flexion of the wrist, MCP and PIP joints
45
Q

where about the hand does the tendon of FDS split?

A

priot to inserting on the middle phalanx

46
Q

what muscles can be found in the deepest layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus
47
Q
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: ulna and interosseus membrane
  • insertion: base of the distal phalanx of digits II-V
  • action: flexion of the wrist, MCP, PIP, and DIP
48
Q
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: radius and interosseus membrane
  • insertion: distal phalnx of digit 1 (thumb)
  • action: flexion of the wrist, MCP and joints of the thumb (IP joints)
49
Q

What myotomes are involved in supination of the forearm?

What trick can be used to memorize

A

C5-C6

I flick my wrist

50
Q

What movement is associated with mytomes C7-C8 in the wrist?

What trick is used to remember

A

Pronation of the forearm

The time is late

51
Q

What myotomes is involved in wrist flexion and extension? Whats the trick to recall?

A

C6-C7

Fly to heaven

ANAT315 (12 decks)

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