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ANAT315 > Intro to Anat & the MSK system > Flashcards

Intro to Anat & the MSK system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the coronal/frontal plane

A

the body is divided into a front and back section

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2
Q

what plane is viewed when the body is sectioned into a left and right part?

A

sagittal plane

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3
Q

how is the body dived in a horizontal plane?

A

top & bottom half

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4
Q

In sagittal plane, what axis of movement is observed?

what trick can you use to remember?

A

Frontal axis

chest pump

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5
Q

in what plane would you view a longitudinal (vertical) axis?

what type of movement would be associated to that?

A

in the transverse(horizontal) plane

clapping movement

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6
Q

In frontal plane, what axis of movement is observed?

what trick can you use to remember?

A

sagittal axis

raise the roof

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7
Q

in terms of anatomical position what does lateral refer to?

A

away from midline

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8
Q

in terms of anatomical position what does cranial (superior) refer to?
what type of view will use this?

A

upper part of the body

sagittal view

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9
Q

in terms of anatomical positions what is the difference between proximal and distal?

A

a body part that is proximal is a body part closer to the trunk as opposed to a part that is distal which will be farther away.

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10
Q

what is an other name used to describe the anterior part of a body?

A

ventral

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11
Q

what is another term used to describe dorsal? what does it refer to?

A

posterior

refers to the back side

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12
Q

what term is used to describe something that happens on the same side?

A

ipsilateral

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13
Q

what term is used to describe something that happens on the different sides?

A

contralateral

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14
Q

what are some functions of the skeletal system

A 
support
storage of minerals
blood cell production
protections
leverage systems
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15
Q

what are some main functions of the muscular system?

A

provide skeletal movement
maintain posture & body position
regulate orafice openings
maintain body temperature.

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16
Q

what are some functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A

provides structure, support, protection of vital organs & locomotion of the body.

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17
Q

bones, cartilage & ligaments are the components of what system?

A

skeletal system

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18
Q

what composes the muscular system?

A

muscles
tendons
motor unit

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19
Q

what type of bone is a humerus?

what are some of its properties?

A

long bone

long, slender, tubular

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20
Q

what are some properties of short bones?

give an example

A

short & cuboid

ex: carpal bones

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21
Q

where can flat bones be found?

how would you describe them?

A

in the skull

2 plates of compact bone separated by a spongy bone.

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22
Q

what type of bone are vertebrae?

how are the identified?

A

irregular bones

complex shaped, notched or ridged surfaces.

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23
Q

what are sesamoid bones identified by?

A

Round/Oval

they are developed in tendons.

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24
Q

the skeleton is divided into 2 groups?

A

the axial composed of head and trunk and appendicular skeleton composed of libs, pelvic and thoracic griddle. .

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25
Q

what is the name for the site where 2 skeletal elements come together?

A

joint

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26
Q

how many classes of joints exist?

A

2

solid and synovial joints

27
Q

what are the properties of solid joints?

A

the articulation of the bone via fibrous connective tissue or cartilage
this type of joint has very slight mobility.

28
Q

solid joints are dived into how many classes and what are they?

A

fibrous joints

cartilagenous joints

29
Q

what types of joints are found to be fibrous solid joints? and give examples

A
  • suture: between the bones of the skull
  • gomphosis: between the teeth and adjacent bone
  • syndesmosis: interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna
30
Q

what types of joints are found to be cartilaginous solid joints? and give examples

A

synchondrosis: cartilage of growth plate in the femur or cartilage between the rib cage.
symphysis: Intervertebral disc

31
Q

what are some properties of synovial joints?

A

connection between 2 bones separated by a fluid filled articular cavity
provides greatest range of motion

32
Q

what are the components of the joint capsule?

A

1- fibrous membrane (outer most layer)
2- synovial membrane (inner-lining)
3- synovial fluid
4-articular cartilage: hyaline-like cartilage on surface of articulating bones

33
Q

what is the function of synovial fluid in the joint capsule?

A

it provides lubrification and nutrients to the joint

34
Q

what is the role of articular discs, fat pads, bursa in synovial joints? are they present in all joints?

A

provide shock-absorption, enhancement of joint stability and strength, reduce friction between structures & cushion.
no they are not present in all synovial joints.

35
Q

what may also be present in synovial joints that act as reinforcing structures and provide joint stability?

A

Ligaments

36
Q

what is the function of tendinous synovial sheaths?

A

they provide cushion and reduce friction between tendons.

37
Q

what are the 2 uniaxial synovial joints?

A

Hinge

Pivot

38
Q

explain the action of a hinge synovial joint and give an example.

A

Allows for flexion and extension.

ex: elbow joint or knee joint

39
Q

explain the action of a pivot synovial joint and give an example.

A

allows for medial/lateral rotation

ex: proximal & distal radioulnar joints

40
Q

what are the 2 biaxial synovial joints?

A

Ellipsoid ex: wrist joint

saddle ex: thumb

41
Q

what movements do biaxial synovial joints permit?

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction

42
Q

what type of joint is a ball and socket joint.
what movements does it allow
give an example.

A

its a multi axial synovial joint
it allows for medial/lateral rotation, flexion/extension, adduction/abduction & circumduction
hip joint

43
Q

what type of joint allows for a sliding movement

give an example of such joint

A

plane (gliding joint)

ex: intercarpal joints

44
Q

what is adduction?

A

movement towards the midline

45
Q

what is extension?

A

movement where angle between 2 body parts increases

46
Q

what is circumduction?

A

a misture of flexion/extension & adduction/abduction

47
Q

movement away from midline?

A

abduction

48
Q

what type of rotation is external?

A

lateral rotation

49
Q

what are the specialized cells that compose muscles

A

myocytes

50
Q

what happens to the myocytes when supplied with a neuronal stimuli?

A

contract or relax (shorten or extend)

51
Q

joints are structurally supported by what?

A

ligaments

52
Q

how is movement created?

A

bones= structural support
joints= axes of movement between bones.
in order for a muscle to move it along a given axis the muscle fibers must cross the joint.

53
Q

what connects muscles to bones?

A

tendons

54
Q

what is an isometric contraction?

A

contraction where the muscle length is left unchanged.

55
Q

what happens during a concentric isotonic contraction?

A

muscle shortens

56
Q

what happens during a eccentric isotonic contraction?

A

muscle elongates

57
Q

what acts as the prime mover in muscle contractions?

A

agonist

58
Q

what is the role of the antagonist in muscle contractions?

A

it controls, slows and resists the agonist

59
Q

what are the additional muscles that assist in agonist fucntion called?

A

synergist

60
Q

what is the origin of a muscle?

A

its the fixed attachment

61
Q

what is the insertion of a muscle?

A

its the movable attachment

62
Q

identify the following

a sheet or band of though, fibrous tissue that connects 2 bones

A

ligament

63
Q

identify the following

though, flexible, cord-like fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

A

tendon

64
Q

what is fascia

A

a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that envelops, separates or binds together structures such as muscles, organs and other soft tissues.

ANAT315 (12 decks)

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