introduction to the nervous system Flashcards
the nervous system is divided into 2 groups which are?
CNS
Peripheral nervous system
the peripheral NS is divided into how many groups? what are their names?
Somatic NS
Autonomic NS
the autonomic nervous system us responsible for what? what are its subdivisions?
involuntary control of visceral organs
Parasympathetic NS–> Rest and digestion
Sympathetic NS –> Fight or flight
what is the role of the somatic nervous system?
voluntary control of sensory and motor functions
area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve
dermatome
a group of muscles innervated by a given spinal nerve
myotome
what nerve plexus is responsible for the upper limbs? where does it range?
brachial plexus
from C5-T1
what nerve plexus is responsible for the lower limbs? where does it range?
Lumbosacral Plexus
L1-S4
what region is affected near the nipple?
T4
what happens if nerve on T6 is affected?
nerves going to the skin above the xiphoid process will be affected
what region is covered by T10?
umbilicus
why is it clinically significant to understand region of skin innervation?
it enables us to understand certain spinal cord injuries particularly, the level of the injury, if it’s complete or incomplete.
what is the conus medullaris?
it is the tapered lower end of the spinal chord. it is at that point the the filum terminale begins.
what is the filum terminale
it is the prolongation of the spinal chord. its purpose is to serve as an anchor.
what is the causa equina?
it is a bundle of spinal nerves. it begins at L2 and goes all the way down to the very last vertebrae of the coccyx.
how does the spinal cord ressemble at the embryo stage?
it fills out the vertebral column
Identifiy the stage at which the spinal chord ends
- L3
- L1-L2
birth
adult
what do spinal chord enlargments correponds with?
what are the 2 enlargements found on the spinal cord?
they correspond with their respective plexuses.
cervical enlargement with the brachial plexus
lumbar enlargement with the lumbosacral plexus
what is the neuron?
it is the basic unit of the NS