muscles of the back and neck Flashcards
what is the function of the trapezius when the scapula is fixed?
Bilateral cervical extension
Unilateral ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the cervical spine
What are the muscles found in the transverospinal Muscles
- semispinalis
- multifudus
- rotatores (longus and brevis)
what is the function of the latissimus dorsi when the scapula is fixed?
bilateral: extension of lumbar spine
unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion of the lumbar spine
obliquus capitus inferior
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: SP of Axis
- insertion: TP of Atlas
- action: ipsilateral of the head via neck
Rotatores
- origin?
- Insertion?
- origin: Thoracic Region TPs
- Insertion: SPs of vertebrae above origin (1 vertebrae above origin= brevis, 2-3 vertebrae above origin= Longus)
Longus Coli
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: vertebral bodies (inferior to insertion
- insertion: TPs of cervical vertebrae
- action: flexion of the cervical spine
Scalenes?
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: TPs of cervical vertebrae
- insertion: anterior and middle scalene on Rib 1, Posterior scalene on Rib 2
- action: elevation of ribs during inspiration and flexion of the cervical spine
intrinsic muscles are generally attached where?
these are muscles that generally have attachments on the ribs or vertebral column
serratus posterior inferior
- origin?
- insertion?
- main functions?
Origin: Thiracolumbar Fascia, SPs of T11-L2
Insertion: ribs 9-12
main function: depression of lower ribs
Rectus Capitis Anterior
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: TP of Atlas (C1)
- insertion: Occipital bone midline
- action: stabilizes head, weak flexion of the head
Semispialis
- origin?
- Insertion?
- origin: Tps of the cervical and thoracic
- Insertion: SPs 4-6 Vertebral levels above origin
what is the innervation of the anterior deep muscles of the neck?
anterior rami of C1-C3
what is the innervation of scalenes?
anterior Rami C3-C8
What muscle group does the splenius belong to?
Neck or Back?
Neck (superficial group)
what is the main action of transverospinal Muscles?
- contralateral rotation of the spine
- semispinalis also allows extension of the head (Capitus)
Sternocleidomastoid Origin? Insertion? innervation? Main functions?
origin: Sternum and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid Process
Innervation: Spinal Acessory Nerve
functions: Bilateral allows for extension of the head
Unilateral allows for ipsilateral lateral flexion
rectus capitus posterior minor
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: posterior tubercule of Atlas (C1)
- insertion: occipital bone
- action: extension of the head
Levatores costarum
- origin?
- Insertion?
- actions?
- origin: TP from C7-T11
- Insertion: Upper boarder of the ribs
- actions: Elevates ribs, Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Levator scapule
- origin?
- insertion?
- main functions?
-Origin:Transverse Processes of C1-C4
-Insertion: Superiomedial boarder of the scapula
-Primary Function:Movement of the scapula
Secondary function: unilateral ipsilateral, lateral flexion of the cervical spine
bilateral extension of the neck
Rhomboid minor and major
- origin?
- insertion?
- main functions?
- Origin: spinal processes of the C7-T5
- insertion: Medial boarder of the scapula (minor is attached superior to Major)
- main function: movement of the scapula
where is the innervation of the spenius muscles?
Posterior Rami of the cervical spine
Spleius Capitus
- origin?
- Insertion?
- actions?
-origin:Ligamentum of Nuchae and SPs of C7-T3
-Insertion: Matoid process of the temporal bone
-actions: Bilateral extension of the head.
Unilateral: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the head
What are the intrinsic muscles of the back innervated by?
by branches of the posterior rami of spinal nerves
obliquus capitus superior
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: TP of Atlas (C1)
- insertion: occipital bone
- action: extension and ipsilateral lateral flexion of the head
rectus capitus posterior major
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: SP of axis (C2)
- insertion: Occipital bone
- action: extension and ipsilateral rotation of the head
What are the posterior suboccipital muscles of the neck?
- rectus capitus posterior major
- rectus capitus posterior minor
- obliquus capitus superior
- obliquus capitus inferior
what extrinsic back muscles are found int the 3rd superficial layer?
- serratus posterior superior
- serratus posterior inferior
what back muscles are included in the 1st superficial layer?
- Trapezius
- latissimus Dorsi
What are extrinsic muscles? what is another name given to them?
extrinsic muscles are muscles located in one region but that control movements in a different region.
they are know as superficial muscles
what are intrinsic muscleS?
these are muscles located in one area and allow for movement in that particular area
deep muscles of the back is another name given to which muscles?
the intrinsic muscles
how is the Longus Colli divided?
- superior oblique
- vertical
- inferior oblique
what types of muscles of the back are responsible for the movement of the upper limbs?
extrinsic muscles
serratus posterior superior
- origin?
- insertion?
- main functions?
-origin: Ligamentum of Nuchae and SPs of C7-T3
-Insertion: first 4 ribs
main function: elevation of the upper ribs
Multifudus
- origin?
- Insertion?
- origin: Thoracolumbar TPs
- Insertion:SPs 2-4 Vertebral levels above origin
what muscles are found in the splenius?
-splenius Capitus
Splenius Cevicis
what are the minor deep muscles of the back?
- Interspinalis
- intertransversari
- levatores Costarum
how are the intrinsic muscles of the back arranged?
they are arranged in 3 layer
-splenius (superficial)
Erector Spinae (intermediate)
transversospinal & minor deep muscles (deep)
how are extrinsic muscles of the back innervated? is there an exception?
superficial muscles of the back are innervated by the branches of the anterior rami of the spinal nerves however, trapezius is innervated by the spinal accessory nerves
what is the main actions of the Erector Spinae?
-bilateral extension of the vertebral colulmn
Unilateral lateral flexion of the vertebral column (strictly accomplished by the Iliocostalis)
What are the muscles found in the erector Spinae?
What is the trick to remember them?
- Iliocostalis
- longissimus
- Spinalis
-I like standing muscles
what is the primary function of intrinsic muscles?
they support and allow movement of the vertebral column
Splenius Cervicis
- origin?
- Insertion?
- actions?
-origin: SPs of T3-4
-Insertion: TPs of C1-3
-actions:
Bilateral:Extension of the spine
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the neck
What back and neck muscles are involved in respiration?
- serratus posterior superior
- serratus posterior inferior
- Levatores Costarum
- scalenes
Intertransversari
- origin?
- Insertion?
- actions?
- origin: TP prominent in the cervical and Lumbar regions
- Insertion: TP of the vertebrae above
- actions: Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine
Longus Capitis
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin:TPs of cervical vertebrae
- insertion: occipital bone
- action: flexion of the head
Generally speaking, when taking about movement of the back and neck, what term can be used to describe their rotation
neck: ipsilateral movements
back: contralateral movements for the most part
rectus capitus lateralis
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: TP of Atlas (C1)
- insertion: occipital bone
- action: stabilizes head, weak lateral flexion of the head
Interspinalis
- origin?
- Insertion?
- actions?
- origin: SP of one vertebrae
- Insertion: SP of the vertebrae above
- actions: Extension of the spine
what is the triangle of Auscultation?
what is it bordered by?
- its an area of muscle thinning where clear respiratory sounds can be heard
- bordered by Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi and Rhomboid Major
what are the anterior Deep muscles of the neck?
- Rectus capitis Lateralis
- Rectus Capitis Anterior
- Longus Capitis
- Longus Colli
what muscles form the suboccipital triangle?
it is bordered by
- Rectus capitus Major, Obliquus capitis inferior
- Obliquus capitis superior
how are the suboccipital muscles (posterior) of the neck innervated?
suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of C1)
what extrinsic back muscles are found in the second superficial layer
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major
where are the scalenes located?
anterior muscle of the neck
