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ANAT315 > intro to the UE > Flashcards

intro to the UE Flashcards

1
Q

what is the upper limb composed of?

A 
skeletal structures:
-clavicle
-scapula
-humerus
-ulna
-radius
-carpal bone
joints:
-joints of the shoulder
-elbow joint
-wrist joint
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2
Q

how would you describe the medial end of the clavicle?

what other name can it be given?

A
  • flatter

- sternal end

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3
Q

how is the shaft of the clavicle oriented on the superior and inferior surface?

A

-superior:
convexe anteriorly
-inferior: concave anteriorly

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4
Q

what does the acromial end articulate with?

A

the scapula

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5
Q

what is the groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle for?

A

its for the subclavian muscle

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6
Q

what are the 3 borders of the scapula

A

-lateral border
-superior border
medial border

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7
Q

what are the 3 angles seen on the scapula?

A
  • lateral angle
  • inferior angle
  • superior angle
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8
Q

where would you locate the acromion on the pectoral girdle?

A

from the anterior view, it can be observed to be at the superior border/superior angle of the scapula

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9
Q

what is the name of the process found below the acromion on the scapula?

A

coracoid process

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10
Q

a ridge can be observed on the posterior side of the scapula, what is its name?

A

its the spine of the scapula

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11
Q

in what view can the glenoid fossa be best observed?

A

sagittal view

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12
Q

what are the names of the tubercules that can be found both above and below the glenoid fossa?

A

supra-glenoid tubercule

infraglenoid tubercyle

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13
Q

is the subscapular fossa found on the anterior or posterior side of the scapula?

A

anterior

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14
Q

what are the 2 fossa that can be found on the posterior side of the scapula? and where about relative to the spine of the scapula can they be found?

A
  • above: supraspinous fossa

- below: infraspinous fossa

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15
Q

what are the important landmarks for the bones of the pectoral girdle?

A

spine of scapula : TIII

inferior angle of scapula: TVII

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16
Q

what are the components of the proximal humerus?

A
  • head of the humerus
  • anatomical Neck
  • surgical neck
  • lesser tubercule
  • greater tubercule
  • intertubercular groove
  • deltoid tuberosity
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17
Q

what are the 4 joints of the pectoral girdle and shoulder?

A

sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint
scapulothroacic “joint”

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18
Q

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

synovial joint

Saddle (biaxial joint

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19
Q

what types of movements does the sternoclavicular joint allow?

A

elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
circumduction

we can also a slight rotation of the clavicle

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20
Q

what are the 3 articulations that compose the sternoclavicular joint?

A

sternum, clavicle and costal cartilage of the first rib

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21
Q

where does the interclavicular ligament range from?

A

it goes from one side to the other all the way along the clavicle

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22
Q

what ligament in the sternoclavicular joint prevents superior dislocation?
describe its location?

A

-costoclavicular ligament
its located on the anterior side of the clavicle
right at the junction between the clavicle and sternum

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23
Q

what is the ligament that is located right above the clavicle?

A

anterior sternoclavicular ligament

24
Q

what is the joint formed between the acromion and the clavicle?

A

acromioclavicular joint

25
Q

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

synovial plane gliding

26
Q

what does the acromioclavicular ligament prevent?

A

it limits superior dislocation

27
Q

what is the ligament that extends from the coracoid process and the acromion?

A

coracoacromial ligament

28
Q

what are the subcomponents that form the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

trapezoid ligament

conoid ligament

29
Q

what generally happens in an acromioclavicular dislocation?

A

the clavicle tends to pop out and situate itself above the acromion

30
Q

what are the components that articulate together in the glenohumeral joint?

A

-glenoid fossa articulates with the head of the humerus

31
Q

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

its a synovial joint,
ball and socket joint
multiaxial

32
Q

what is the name of the cartilagenous ring found in the glenoid cavity? what is its function?

A

glenoid labrum

it fills the cavity to ensure proper articulation

33
Q

what type of cavity can be observed on the lateral side of the pectroal girlde and shoulder?

A

a large synovial cavity

34
Q

what is the function of the redundant capsule between the humerous and glenoid fossa?

A

it give eleasticity

35
Q

what movements can be accomplished by the glenohumeral joint?

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction
lateral/medial rotation

36
Q

in the glenohumeral joint, what ligament can be found on the superior side, between the acromion and the coracoid?

A

coracohumeral ligament

37
Q

what are the 3 components of the glenohumeral ligaments?

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
38
Q

what injury might a QB be susceptile to if he is running in one direction and someone grads his arm in an oposite motion?

A

he will most likely have an anterior dislocation of the Glenohumeral joint du to the opposite forces

39
Q

in what cases could a posterior dislocation of the glennohumeral joint occur?

A

if someone missises a step and falls with their arms straight out causing for the shoulder to pop back.

40
Q

how can your shoulder de inferiorly dislocated?

A

when the arm/shoulder is an abducted position

41
Q

how do joint work together to provide movement of the arm for the first 30 degrees of abduction?

A

movement occurs only at glenohumeral

42
Q

beyond 30 degrees of abduction how do the joints work together to provide movement of the arm

A

movement at the glenohumeral joint is possible due to concurrent movements at the sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic joints

43
Q

what happens to the scapula whenem elevating the sternoclavicular?

A

upward rotation

44
Q

why is the scapulothoracic joint not a true joint?

A

it does not have a ligament to connect the 2 boney structures

45
Q

what is the ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement respectively?

A

2:1

46
Q

where is the scapulothoracic joint located?

A

on the anterior surface of the scapula laying on the posterior surface of ribs II-VII

47
Q

what is the function of the scapulothoracic joint

A

provides dynamic stability of shoulder joint to enable full glenohumeral elebation and abduction

48
Q

what movements can be executed at the scapulothoracic joint?

A

elevation/depression
protraction (abduction)/ retraction (adduction)
upward and downwards rotation

49
Q

what is the coinoid tubercule useful for?

A

ligament attachment

50
Q

is there also a posterior sternoclavicular ligament holding the sternum and clavicle together?

A

yes

51
Q

where does the coronoid ligament range from?

A

it ranges from the coronoid tubercule of the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula

52
Q

what is the purpose of the redundant capsule in the GH joint?

A

the presence of the redundant capsule allows the shoulder to stretch out and give it fluidity and especially elasticity to complete its motions

53
Q

what does the coracohumeral ligament prevent?

A
  • superior dislocation because the head of the humerus is being held from the top.
54
Q

what is the role of the glenohumeral ligaments?

where are they located?

A

-reinforce the antierior side of the GH joint

only located on the anterior side of the joint

55
Q

what is the scapulohumeral rythmn?

A

every 2 degree of GH joint, the scapula will move 1 degree along the thorax

ANAT315 (12 decks)

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