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ANAT315 > The abdominal Wall > Flashcards

The abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Linea Semilunaris?

where does it get it’s name from?

A

its the tendinious intersection between the oblique muscle (lateral) and the rectus abdominalis (medial)
-it looks like a half moon

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2
Q

what is the Linea Alba?

what is it also known as?

A

fibrous connective tissue representing the fusion of 3 aponeuroses
“the white line”

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3
Q

what are the transverse intersections created by?

A

tendons

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4
Q

how is the rectus sheath organized from superficial to deep?

A

-skin
-camper’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia
-anterolateral muscles of the abdominal wall
-transversalis fascia
-peritoneum

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5
Q

what is the superficial fascia composed of a fatty layer?

A

camper’s fascia

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6
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  • Rectus Abdominis
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transversus abdominis
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7
Q

how is the muscle fiber of the external oblique muscle oriented?

A

anterior/inferior

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8
Q

how is the muscle fiber of the internal oblique muscle oriented?

A

anterior/superior

transitions slightly as we move away from truck (distally)

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9
Q

how is the muscle fiber of the transversus abdominis muscle oriented?

A

horizontal/transverse

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10
Q

what is an aponeurosis?

A

its a flat, broad tendon for muscular attachment

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11
Q

how is the muscle fiber of the rectus abdominis muscle oriented?

A

vertical

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12
Q

Rectus abdominis
Origin
Insertion
actions?

A

Origin: pubic crest/ superior public ramus
Insertion: Costal cartilage rib 5-7, xiphoid process
actions: compression of abdominal contents, flexion of the vertebral colulmn

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13
Q

External Oblique
Origin
Insertion
actions?

A

Origin: Ribs
Insertion: linea alba, anterior hip bone (pelvis)
actions: compresses abdominal contents
bilateral lumbar flexion
unilateral: contralateral rotation of the trunk and ipsilateral lateral flexion

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14
Q

when contracting external oblique from pelvis to rib what action is accomplished?

A

ipsilateral lateral flexion

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15
Q

when contracting external oblique from ribs to pelvis what action is accomplished?

A

-contralateral rotation of the trunk

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16
Q

internal Oblique
Origin
Insertion
actions?

A

Origin: thoraclumbar fascia, anterior hip bone
Insertion: Ribs 10-12 and linea alba
actions? compresses abdominal content
bilateral: lumbar flexion
unilateral: ipsilater truck rotation and lateral flexion

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17
Q

how does the rotational movement differ between the internal and external oblique?

A

think ob a bicycle crunch, the external oblique will undergo a contralateral rotation where as the internal oblique will undergo an ipsilateral rotation of the trunk

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18
Q

transversus abdominis
Origin
Insertion
actions?

A

Origin:: ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior hip bone
Insertion: linea alba, public tubercule
actions? compresses abdominal content

19
Q

what do the oblique muscles and tranversus abdominis transition into? what do they invest around? on what do they insert?

A

transition into aponeuroses along the midline.

invest around rectus abdominis and insets onto linea aspera

20
Q

how is the linea alba formed?

A

aponeuroses of the obliques joint at the midline

21
Q

what forms the linea semilunaris?

A

the start of aponeuroses on the lateral sides of the rectus abdominis muscle

22
Q

what muscles play a role in respiration?

A

obliques (internal and external) as well as the rectus abdominis

23
Q

how is the rectus sheath organized when above the arcuate line?

A
  • anterior to rectus muscles: aponeuroses of external obliques and half of internal oblique
  • posterior to rectus muscles: aponeuroses of the later half of internal obliques and transversus abdominis
24
Q

how is the rectus sheath organized when below the arcuate line?

A

all three aponeuroses (external, internal and transversus abdominalis) all lie anterior to the rectus muscle

25
Q

what nerves are responsible for the motor and sensory innervation of the anterior abdominal wall?

A 
Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T7-T11)
subcostal nerve T12
26
Q

when executing a crunch what contraction of the rectus abdominis is being executed?

A

contraction of ribs to pelvis

27
Q

when executing a reverse crunch what contraction of the rectus abdominis is being executed?

A

contraction of the pelvis to the ribs

28
Q

where does the superior epigastric artery arise from?

A

it arises from the internal thoracic artery and descends along the posterior (inner) surface of the rectus abdominis muscle

29
Q

where does the inferior epigastric artery arise from?

A

it arises from the external iliac artery and ascends along the posterior (inner) surface of the rectus abdominis muscle.

30
Q

what artery supplies the lower extremities with blood?

A

the iliac artery

31
Q

what muscles compose the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • quadratus lumborum
  • Psoas Major
  • psoas Minor
  • Illiacus
32
Q

which muscles of the posterior abdominal wall stretches between rib XII and TP of the lumbar vertebrae to iliac crest?

A

quadratus lumborum

33
Q

which muscle groups assist in lumbar function, but mainly functions for the lower limbs?

A

Psoas Minor, Major and Iliacus

34
Q

what type of movement can be executed by the quadratus lumborum?

A

bilateral: assists in flexion of the spine
unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion

35
Q

what muscle contributes to the posterolateral walls of the abdomen?

A

Transversus Abdominis

36
Q

what is an important characteristic of the diaphragm?

A

it contributes to the posterior abdominal wall

37
Q

what are the 3 openings found in the diaphargm, where are they located and what structures do they allow to pass through?

A

Caval Hiatus allows for the Inferior Vena Cava to pass through at around TVIII

the Esophageal Hiatus allows the esophasus to pas through at TX

the Aortic Hiatus allows for the aorta to pass through around TXII

38
Q

what are the crura?

what is their function?

A

its a tendinous extension of the diaphragm

it anchors the diaphragm to the vertebral column below (muscular tethering system)

39
Q

what is particular about the right crus?

A
  • longer than left

- its fibers cross the bottom hiatus creatingh a sphincter for the esophagus.

40
Q

which ligament is responsible for anchoring the diaphragm at the superior border to quadratus Lumborum muscle?

A

lateral arcuate ligament

41
Q

which ligament is responsible for anchoring the diaphragm at superior boerder of psoas major muscle?

A

Medial Arcuate ligament

42
Q

what connects the left and right crus?

A

the median arcuate ligament

43
Q

which ligament forms the aortic hiatus?

A

the median arcuate ligament

ANAT315 (12 decks)

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