The Forearm Flashcards
Which bone of forearm is on medial side?
ulna
Which bone of forearm is on distal side?
Radius
The ___ of the humerus is the common flexor origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
The ___ of the humerus is the common extensor origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
The ___ of the humerus articulates with the ulna
Trochlea
The ___ of the humerus articulates with the radius
capitulum
The ___ position of forearm is anatomical position
supinated
The ___ position is how we naturally tend to hold our forearm
pronated
______ surrounds and invests the forearm and is continuous with the brachial fascia of the arm.
Antebrachial fascia
What 3 nerves provides cutaneous innervation of forearm?
Musculocutaneous, medial antebrachial cutaneous, and radial n
Superior ulnar collateral artery anastomoses with _____ artery
posterior ulnar recurrent artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery anastomoses with ___ artery
anterior ulnar recurrent artery
Radial collateral artery anastomoses with ___ artery
radial recurrent artery
Middle collateral artery anastomoses with ___ artery
interosseous recurrent artery
How many superficial muscles are there in the anterior forearm?
4
How many intermediate muscles are found in the anterior forearm?
1
How many deep muscles are found in the anterior forearm?
3
What are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?
Palmaris longus, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris
Proximal Attachment:-medial epicondyle of humerus
Distal Attachment:-flexor retinaculum; continuous with palmar aponeurosis
Palmaris longus
Proximal Attachment:-coronoid process of ulna
Distal Attachment:-middle of lateral surface of radius
Pronator teres
Proximal Attachment:-medial epicondyle of humerus(“common flexor origin”)
Distal Attachment:-base of 2nd metacarpal
Flexor carpi radialis
What muscles are part of the intermediate layer of anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Proximal Attachment:-medial epicondyle of humerus (humeral head)-Olecranon and posterior border of ulna (ulnar head)
Distal Attachment:-pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Proximal Attachment:-medial epicondyle of humerus, superior½ of anterior border of radius
Distal Attachment:-shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
Flexor digitorum superficialis
What muscles are part of the deep layer of anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus
Proximal Attachment:-proximal ¾ of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment:-bases of distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers
Flexor digitorum profundus
Proximal Attachment:-anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment:-base of distal phalanx of thumb
Flexor pollicis longus
Proximal Attachment:-distal ¼ of anterior surface of ulna
Distal Attachment:-distal ¼ of anterior surface of radius
Actions:-pronates forearm, deep fibers bind radius & ulna together
Innervation:-median nerve via anterior interosseous nerve
Pronator quadratus
How many muscles are there in the superficial layer of posterior forearm?
6
How many muscles are there in the deep layer of posterior forearm?
5
Which muscle of the forearm is in the posterior compartment but functions to flex the elbow?
Brachioradialis
brachioradialis(flexes elbow joint), extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris are part of the _____ layer of the posterior forearm
superficial
ALL muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by the _____ nerve via the deep branch of the radial nerve or the posterior interosseous nerve.
radial nerve
ALL muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by the radial nerve via the ____ branch of the radial nerve or the ______ nerve.
deep branch; posterior interosseous
_____ branch of radial nerve (lateral, runs beneath brachioradialis) provides CUTANEOUS innervation ONLY (no motor branches) in posterior forearm
Superficial branch
Deep branch of radial nerve becomes ____ nerve
posterior interosseous nerve
Proximal Attachment:-proximal 2/3 of supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
Distal Attachment:-distal radius, proximal to styloid process
Brachioradialis
Proximal Attachment:-lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Distal Attachment:-dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Proximal Attachment:-lateral epicondyle of humerus(common extensor origin)
Distal Attachment:-dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Proximal Attachment:-lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
Distal Attachment:-dorsal aspect of base fo 5th metacarpal
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Proximal Attachment:-lateral epicondyle of humerus(common extensor origin)
Distal Attachment:-extensor expansions of medial 4 fingers
Extensor digitorum
Proximal Attachment:-lateral epicondyle of humerus(common extensor origin)
Distal Attachment:-extensor expansion of 5th finger
Extensor digiti minimi
tendons of extensor digitorum form a dorsal expansion over the metacarpophalangeal (MP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints called the ____ and _____
extensor expansion and extensor hood
supinator, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor pollicis brevis are all part of the ___ layer of the posterior forearm
deep layer
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor pollicis brevis are considered the ____ muscles of the forearm
“outcropping” muscles
ALL of the deep layer of the posterior forearm are innervated by the deep branch of the ___ nerve, or the _____ nerve, which is the continuation of this same nerve.
radial nerve; posterior interosseous
Proximal Attachment:-lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral & anular ligaments, ulnar crest
Distal Attachment:-proximal 1/3 of radius (nearly all surfaces,as it wraps around the bone)
Supinator
Proximal Attachment:-posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment:-extensor expansion of 2nd finger
Extensor indicis
Proximal Attachment:-posterior surface of proximal ½ of ulna and radius,interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment:-base of 1st metacarpal
Abductor pollicis longus
Proximal Attachment:-posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius,interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment:-dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb
Extensor pollicis brevis
Proximal Attachment:-posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna,interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment:-dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
Extensor pollicis longus
What are the anatomical relationships of the forearm from lateral to medial in regard to nerves and arteries
Superficial branch of the Radial nerve, Radial artery, Median Nerve, Ulnar Artery, Ulnar Nerve
The ulnar nerve runs ____ to the medial epicondyle
posterior
The ulnar nerve Runs along the medial forearm under what muscle?
flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve Goes through ____ lateral to the ____ bone (this is a fascial compartment)
Guyon’s canal; pisiform
____ nerve Enters the hand and supplies most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand
Ulnar nerve
T/F: Ulnar nerve and ulnar artery Run together
True
Ulnar nerve is ___ to the ulnar artery
medial
____ artery is Located under flexor carpi ulnaris or just lateral to it
ulnar artery
ulnar artery and nerve run ___ to pisiform bone and Guyon’s canal
lateral
___ nerve runs through pronator teres
Median nerve
____ nerve runs deep to flexor digitorum superficialis
median
___ nerve runs between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus
Median
____ nerve runs deep to flexor retinaculum through carpal tunnel
Median nerve
____ artery Located under flexor carpi ulnaris or just lateral to it
ulnar artery
ulnar artery and ULNAR nerve run ___ to pisiform bone and Guyon’s canal
lateral
radial artery is ____ to the superficial branch of the radial nerves
medial
_____ artery is Under brachioradialis or just medial to it
radial
Anterior interosseous nerve & anterior interosseous artery run ____ to the pronator quadratus muscle
deep
Actions:-flexes hand at wrist, tenses palmar aponeurosis
Palmaris longus
Palmaris longus is innervated by ____ nerve
median
Actions:-pronates and flexes forearm at elbow
Pronator teres
Innervation of pronator teres is ___ nerve
Median nerve
Actions:-flexes and abducts hand at wrist
Flexor Carpi radialis
Innervation of flexor carpi radialis is from ____ nerve
Median nerve
Actions:-flexes and adducts hand at wrist
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Innervation of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris is from ____ nerve
Ulnar nerve
Actions:-flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joint, flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis is from ____ nerve
median nerve
Actions:-flexes distal phalanges at interphalangeal joints (power grip)
Flexor digitorum profundus
Innervation of Flexor digitorum profundus
median* & ulnar nerves
- *anterior interosseous nerve branch from median nerve
Actions:-flexes thumb
Flexor pollicis longus
Innervation of Flexor pollicis longus is from ____ nerve via _____
median nerve via anterior interosseous nerve (C8, T1)
Actions:-flexes forearm when it is pronated (about midprone position)
Brachioradialis
Innervation of Brachioradialis is from ____ nerve
radial nerve
Actions:-supinates forearm, bringing radius back to anatomical position
Supinator
Innervation of Supinator is from deep branch of ____ nerve
deep branch of radial nerve
Actions:-extend and abduct hand at wrist.
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Innervation of Extensor carpi radialis longus is from ____ nerve
Radial nerve
Actions:-extend and abduct hand at wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Innervation of Extensor carpi radialis brevis is from deep branch of _____ nerve
radial nerve
Actions:-extends and adducts hand at wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Innervation of Extensor carpi ulnaris is ______ nerve
posterior interosseous nerve (remember that this nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)
Actions:-extends medial 4 fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints and somewhat at interphalangeal joints
Extensor digitorum
Innervation of Extensor digitorum is from ____ nerve
posterior interosseous nerve (remember that this nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)
Actions:-extends 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal joint and secondarily at interphalangeal joints
Extensor digiti minimi
Innervation of Extensor digiti minimi is from ____ nerve
posterior interosseous nerve(remember that this nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)
Actions:-independent extension of 2nd finger, but also helps with extension of wrist
Extensor indicis
Innervation of Extensor indicis is from ____ nerve
posterior interosseous nerve (remember that this nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)
Actions:-abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint
Abductor pollicis longus
Innervation of Abductor pollicis longus from ___ nerve
posterior interosseous nerve(remember that this nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)
Actions:-extends proximal phalanx of thumb at its metacarpophalangeal joint, also extends carpometacarpal joint
Extensor pollicis brevis
Innervation of Extensor pollicis brevis is from ____ nerve
posterior interosseous nerve(remember that this nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)
Actions:-extends distal phalanx of thumb at its interphalangeal joint and extends the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joint
Extensor pollicis longus
Innervation of Extensor pollicis longus is from ____ nerve
posterior interosseous nerve(remember that this nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)
