Nerves of the Upper Limb Flashcards
The brachial plexus is made up of the _______ of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves (C5 –T1)
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) RAMI
____ nerve comes off lateral cord in anterior compartment of arm (flexors of elbow joint)
musculocutaneous nerve
Each of the trunks of the brachial plexus has an _____ and _____ division
anterior and a posterior
Intercostal muscles is under the ____ myotome
T2
What nerve runs in posterior compartment of forearm?
Radial nerve
What are the contents of the axillary sheath?
axillary artery, vein, and brachial plexus
What are the named nerves that branch off of spinal nerve root?
Dorsal scapular n (C5) and Long thoracic n. (C5-C7)
What terminal branch comes off of medial cord only?
Ulnar
The spinal nerve roots of brachial plexus emerge from intervertebral foramina the of cervical vertebrae and pass between the _________ muscles(interscalene space) of the neck.
anterior and middle scalene
Which terminal branch is supplied by C5-C7?
Musculocutaneous n
How many cords are there in brachial plexus?
3
Improper use of crutches can compress and injure the _____ nerve in the axilla
radial nerve
___ nerve provides innervation to serratus anterior muscles
long thoracic n
The ______ region is innervated by a branch from the medial cord (cutaneous), the median and ulnar nerves (anterior) and the radial n.(posterior)
forearm (antebrachial)
What nerves comes off of posterior cord?
upper subscapular, lower subscapular, and thoracodorsal
The ____ provides somatomotor and somatosensory innervation to the upper extremity
brachial plexus
As the brachial plexus runs into the axilla, along with the axillary a. and v., it is surrounded in this neurovascular bundle by the ______.
axillary sheath
Injuries to the ____ nerve are seen in fracture to surgical neck of humerus, anterior dislocation of glenohumeral joint, and rotator cuff repair surgery
axillary n
The ___ region of brachial plexus includes the roots and trunks
supraclavicular
portions of the brachial plexus (trunks) emerge posterolateral to the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the lateral neck region, in an area called the ______ through the interscalene space at the level of the ______ of the layrnx
posterior triangle; cricoid cartilage
Injuries to the ___ nerve present as Numbness in posterior deltoid region•Difficulty abducting arm•Diminished lateral rotation of arm•Deltoid muscle wasting (prolonged injury)
axillary n
What terminal branches come off of posterior cord?
radial and axillary
Brachial plexus is formed by the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve roots ____ (at what levels)
C5-T1.
The brachial plexus maintains an anatomical relationship with vascular structures emerging from the root of the neck (subclavian a. and v.) as it travels _____ to the omohyoid muscle and the clavicle on its way into the axilla.
posterior
____ vein and it’s tributaries also seem to “entangle” themselves with the various branches of the brachial plexus.
axillary vein
How many terminal branches are there on brachial plexus?
5
Middle of forearm and hand is under the ____ sensory dermatome
C7
How many trunks are there in brachial plexus?
3
What nerves come off of medial cord?
Medial pectoral n, medial brachial cutaneous n, medial antebrachial cutaneous n
What nerves make up superior trunk?
C5 and C6
As the brachial plexus travels posterior to the clavicle, it enters the axillary region and travels ___ to the pectoralis minor m.
posterior
Elbow extension; wrist flexion is under the ____ myotome
C7
____ is used for anesthesia of the brachial plexus
interscalene block
What terminal branch comes off of lateral cord only?
musculocutaneous
Results from excessive, forceful increase in angle between neck and shoulder•Most common obstetric brachial plexopathy•Can also occur in adults from a fall onto the shoulder
Erb’s palsey
How many named nerves branch off of spinal nerve root?
2
____ nerve is in posterior compartment of arm (extensors of elbow joint)
radial nerve
Which nerves make up middle trunk?
C7
shoulder abduction; elbow flexion is under the ____ myotome
C5
____ runs anterior to anterior scalene
Subclavian vein
How many named nerves branch off of brachial plexus trunks? Which trunk?
2; superior trunk
The spinal nerve roots of brachial plexus emerge from the _____ of cervical vertebrae and pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles(interscalene space) of the neck.
intervertebral foramina
Medial arm is under the ____ sensory dermatome
T1
T/F: Radial nerve innervates intrinsic hand muscles
False: does not innervate any intrinsic hand muscles
Injuries to the ___ nerve present as cannot raise arms above 90O•“winged scapula”
long thoracic n
Brachial plexus Forms an intimate relationship with the _____ artery such that the artery itself runs in the middle of the plexus, surrounded by the cords and terminal branch
axillary a.
Thumb and finger extension is under the ____ myotome
C8
The brachial plexus arises from the ______ of the spinal cord.
cervical enlargement
Which terminal branch is supplied by C7-T1?
Ulnar n
The _____ receives all motor innervation from the median and ulnar nerves, and sensation from median, ulnar and radial nerves.
hand
Supraclavicular and upper shoulder region is under the ____ sensory dermatome
C4
The _____ region is innervated by the nerves from the medial cord (cutaneous), the musculocutaneous n.(anterior) and the radial n.(posterior)
arm (brachial)
What nerve is compressed along the midshaft of humerus in certain positions and can be affected in humeral fracture at midshaft?
Radial n
What nerves comes off of lateral cord?
Lateral pectoral nerve
superficial branch of ___ nerve provides cutaneous innervation in distal forearm and back of hand
raidal nerve
Which terminal branch is supplied by C5 and C6?
Axillary n
What 2 nerves run in anterior compartment of forearm?
ulnar and medial nerve
Injuries to the ___ nerve present as Difficulty extending the wrist•Difficulty extending or straightening the fingers and opening the hand•Triceps retains strength because nerve fibers entering this muscle branch off proximal to the mid shaft of the humerus•Also causes “wrist drop” posture
radial n
Intrinsic hand muscles is under the ____ myotome
T1
Shoulder elevation is under the ____ myotome
C4
Injuries to the ____ trunk of brachial plexus presents as Arm will be adducted•Arm will be internally (medially) rotated at the elbow•There will be pronation •There will be extensionThis describes the “waiter’s tip”position of the affected upper limb.
superior trunk
______ and _____ intermuscular septa divide the anterior and posterior compartment of the arm
medial and lateral intermuscular septa
What nerves branch off of superior trunk?
Suprascapular n and N to subclavius
Injuries to the ___ nerve present as Weakness when trying to push something away with arm•Difficulty extending the wrist•Difficulty extending the fingers and opening the hand•“wrist drop” posture
radial n.
Posteriolateral arm and lateral forearm is under the ____ sensory dermatome
C6
The ___ region of brachial plexus includes the division, cords, and branches
infraclavicular
Which 2 terminal branch is supplied by C5-T1?
Radial n and Median N
Upper lateral arm and shoulder is under the ____ sensory dermatome
C5
T/F: The shoulder (pectoral girdle) region is innervated by nerves that come directly from the roots, trunks, or cords of the brachial plexus (mostly).
True
Which nerves make up lower trunk?
C8 and T1
A common complication in interscalene block is partial anesthesia of _____ (muscle) by the ____ nerve
diaphragm; phrenic
How many named nerves are there that branch off of cords of brachial plexus
7
Injuries to the ___ n is caused by penetrating wound to axillary region and surgical removal of axillary lymph node
long thoracic n.
Elbow flexion;wrist extension is under the ____ myotome
C6
area of cutaneous sensory innervation supplied by a single spinal nerve.
Dermatome
____ refers to a group of muscles that receive motor innervation from a single spinal nerve
myotome
What terminal branch comes off of lateral and medial cord?
median
Axillary region is under the ____ sensory dermatome
T2-T5
How many spinal nerve roots are there in brachial plexus?
5
Posteriomedial forearm and medial hand is under the ____ sensory dermatome
C8
Erb’s Palsey is a lesion to what part of brachial plexus?
Superior trunk
____ runs posterior to the anterior scalene muscle within the interscalene space
Subclavian artery
