The Foot and Ankle (week 6) Flashcards
state what it is meant by the key term - talocrural joint (ankle)
the talocrural joint is the articulation between the malleolus of the fibula (lateral) and the malleolus of the tibia (medial) with the talus bone
state two facts about the talocrural joint
- it is a uni-axial hinge joint
2. permits planter flexion and dorsi flexion
state 2 facts about the structure of the foot
- 26 bones in the foot
2. able to support body weight and absorb shock
state the names of the tarsal bones (7)
- calcaneus
- talus
- navicular
- cuboid
- cuneiform bones (medial, lateral and intermediate)
state what it is meant by the key term - sub-talar/talocalcaneal joint
the sub-talar/talocalcaneal joint is articulation between the talus and calcaneus bones
state 3 facts about the sub-talar/talocalcaneal joint
- allows inversion and eversion movement
- gliding joint
- often referred to as the ‘rear foot’
state the names of the 3 lateral ligaments in the ankle and rear foot
- anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
- posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)
- calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)
state the names of the ligaments that make up the ‘deltoid ligament’ (medial aspect of the ankle/rear foot)
- anterior tibiotalar ligament
- posterior tibiotalar ligament
- tibiocalcaneal ligament
- tibionavicular ligament
state 3 overall facts about the ligaments in the ankle and rear foot
- due to fibula lateral, and strong ligaments medially, there is greater stability medially
- ankle and rear foot more stable in eversion than inversion
- ankle inversion sprain is very common
state what it is meant by the key term - mid-tarsal joint (MTJ)
the MTJ consists of two joints. the calcaneocuboid joint, and the talonavicular joint
state 2 facts about the MTJ
- calcaneocuboid joint - non-axial, gliding
2. talonavicular joint - shallow ball + socket joint allowing limited movement in 3 planes
state the names of the 4 joints that make up the ‘fore foot’
- tarso-metatarsal joints (non-axial, gliding)
- inter-metatarsal joints (non-axial, gliding)
- metatarsophalangeal joints (condyloid - flexion, extension, limited abduction + adduction)
- inter-phalangeal joints (hinge, flexion and extension)
state what it is meant by the key term - planter arches
the planter arches are formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones of the foot that deform during weight bearing
state the names, and locations, of the three planter arches
- medial longitudinal arch - calcaneus to 1st metatarsal (spring ligament)
- lateral longitudinal arch - calcaneus to 5th metatarsal (long planter ligament)
- transverse arch - formed by the base of the metatarsal bones
state what it is meant by the key term - planter fascia
the plantar fascia is the thick band of fascia which covers the planter surface of the foot
describe pronation (3 steps)
- ankle dorsi flexion
- sub-talar eversion
- forefoot abduction (toes out)
describe supination (3 steps)
- ankle planter flexion
- sub-taler inversion
- forefoot adduction (toes in)
state 2 facts about the Achilles tendon
- the longest tendon in the Human body
2. very important in the storage and return of elastic energy which reduces the metabolic cost of locomotion
state 3 facts about ankle sprains
- one of the most common injuries in a number of sports
- lateral ankle (inversion) sprains are much more common
- tends to occur when the ankle in planter flexed then forced into inversion
state 2 examples of common ankle/foot overuse injuries
- tendinopathy (tendinitis)
- plantar fascitis (disorder of plantar fascia)
- medial tibialis stress syndrome (shin splints - pain from inflammation)
- metatarsal stress fractures
what type of joints are the tarsal-metatarsal joints, and what type of movement does it allow ?
non-axial, gliding
what type of joints are the inter-metatarsal joints, and what type of movement does it allow ?
non-axial, gliding
what type of joints are the metatarsal-phalangeal joints, and what type of movement does it allow ?
condyloid - flexion, extension, limited abduction + adduction
what type of joints are the inter-phalangeal joints, and what type of movement does it allow ?
hinge, flexion and extension
