The Finals Step (Key Words to Know) Flashcards
What age should patients begin getting DEXA scans? (male and female)
70 for males 65 for females
Fracture that is the number one cause of compartment syndrome
Tibial shaft
condition with positive smitha nitobdy and positive double stand DNA antibodies.
Lupus
best diagnostics for osteomyelitits
Bone scan or MRI
a painless mass in a wrist is most likely
ganglion cyst
benign bone tumor often in males that presents with severe pain, often at night
osteoid osteoma
what medication will help an osteoid osteoma?
ibuprofen
clicking or locking of the knee suggests what dx?
meniscal tear
if synvoial fluid contains positive bifingent crystals what condition does it inidcate?
pseudogout
A patient with a history of hepatitis B presents
complaning of bilateral knee pain, fever and weight
loss. What is the most likely diagnosis?
polyarteritis nodosa
Tx for polyarteritits nodosa
high dose steroids (confirm dx by biopsy)
a positive neer’s test indicates what?
rotator cuff impingement
What is the Schirmer test used for?
Sjogrens
Tx for lupus
Systemic steroids
There are 5 main characteristics of the limited form of scleroderma which are described by CREST. name these.
Calcinosis Raynaud's Esophageal motility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia
What ligament is most commonly injured in an ankle sprain?
anteriortalofibular
mot common fracture in children
clavicle
A patient presents with progressive neck and
proximal muscle weakness. On physical exam you
see a reddish purple maculopapular rash. Her lab
work shows an anti Jo 1 antibodies. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
Polymyositis
which way does a colles fracture angulate?
dosrally
which way does a smith fracture angulate?
vollarly
A 15 year old boy presents complaining of night
pain in the pelvis. Since you have no idea what
to do you order an x-ray. The report comes back
with a description of a mass with an “onion skin
appearance.” What is the most likely diagnosis?
Ewing sarcoma
A patient with HIV presents with severe groin pain.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Avascular necrosis of the femoral
head. Antiretroviral medications put
patients at an increased risk of AVN.
medical term for tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitits
medical term for golf elbow
medial epicondylitits
most useful test for ACL tear
Lachman’s
A 46 year old male comes into ER limping a little
on the right side. He states that it felt as though he
was kicked in the back of the leg during a soccer
game, but clearly no one was behind him. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
Achilles tendon rupture
a positive crossover test indicated what diagnosis?
Acromioclavicular joint injury (AC joint)
positive hawkins test indicates what diagnosis?
rotator cuff impingement
a positive straight leg test indicates what?
herniated disc
a positive straight leg test indicates what?
herniated disc
6 medications that can be used for migraine prophylaxis
Beta blockers, tricyclics, calcium
channel blockers, NSAIDs and
valproic acid.
A patient is brought in following a seizure in which
she did not lose consciousness. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
simple partial seizure
A patient presents with a painful ipsilateral third
nerve palsy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
posterior communicating artery aneurysm (PCOM)
Decreased GABA and substance P should make you
think of what diagnosis?
Huntington’s
80% of strokes are ______
ischemic
You believe a patient has had a stroke. He presents
with aphasia, loss of hearing in one ear and loss of
vision in his left eye. Is the blockage likely in the
anterior or posterior circulation?
posterior
A patient who is asymptomatic should consider
having an endarterectomy at what percent
blockage of the carotid artery? How about in a
symptomatic patient?
70% in an asymptomatic patient and
greater than 60% in a symptomatic
patient.
Sign where When you lift the patient’s head the
patient bends his hips
Brudzinski’s sign.
There is an MRI result of multiple foci of
demyelination in the white matter. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
multiple sclerosis
A patient presents to your office complaining of
a tremor in his right hand. He states after a beer
it goes away completely. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
benign essential tremor or familial tremor
A 35 year old patient comes to your office because
his wife made him. He has been increasingly
irritable and moody. She has also noticed that he
is very restless. You order a CT scan which shows
cerebral atrophy as well as atrophy of the caudate
nucleus. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Huntington’s Disease
Med of choice for Tourette’s
Haloperiodol
a slit lamp shows Kayser-Fleischer rings indicate what?
Wilson’s disease
A lumbar puncture for a patient with bacterial
meningitis will show elevated or decreased wbc’s?
Glucose? Protein?
Elevated wbc’s, decreased glucose
and elevated protein.
Duchenne’s and Becker’s muscular dystrophy have
what genetic characteristic?
X linked recessive
Duchenne’s and Becker’s muscular dystrophy have
what genetic characteristic?
X linked recessive
An EEG showing generalized spikes and associated
slow waves should make you think of what
diagnosis?
generalized or absence seizure
most common primary intracranial neoplasm
glioma
What are the most common primary cancer sites
that metastasize to the brain?
lung, breast, and kidney
Weakness and numbness in the left hand might be
a blockage in which carotid artery?
right
Which nerve root is responsible for the knee jerk
reflex?
L3-L4
An EEG showing interictal spikes should make you
think of what diagnosis?
complex partial seizure
most commonly herniated vertebral disc?
L4-L5 followed by L5-S1
What three symptoms are classic for a normal
pressure hydrocephalus?
gait disturbance, dementia, and urinary incontinence
A patient complains of muscle weakness and
fatigability that improves with rest. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
myasthenia gravis
Lead pipe or cogwheel rigidity should make you
think of what diagnosis?
parkinson’s disease
Lead pipe or cogwheel rigidity should make you
think of what diagnosis?
parkinson’s disease
Type of hallucinations most common with schizoprhenia
auditory
what causes anorexic patients to have osteopenia
decrease in estrogen
3 positive symptoms of schizophrenia
hallucinations, delusions, movement disorders
med used to treat pospastrum women with depression
sertraline
A patient has very strange magical thinking. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
schizotypal personality disorder
4 symptoms of serotonin syndrom
Hyperthermia
seizure
mental status change
tremor.
At what BMI should a patient be hospitalized for anorexia
BMI of
A patient of yours always craves attention, often
using sex as a tool to gain it. She often acts like a
child when she does not get her way? What is the
most likely diagnosis?
histrionic personality disorder
what is russell’s sign?
abraded knuckles from forcing oneself to vomit
A psychiatric patient presents with confusion,
fever and lead pipe rigidity. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome,
this can occur with high dose
antipsychotics.
What is the time frame for the first symptoms of
withdrawal from alcohol?
tremor in 8-18 hours
What is the time frame for the first symptoms of
withdrawal from alcohol?
tremor in 8-18 hours
What are three things in your differential if you
have a paradoxical pulse?
Cardiac tamponade, pericarditis and
obstructive lung disease
normal size of aorta on palpation
a fix S2 should make you think of what?
ASD
a continuous, machine like murmur indicates what?
PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)
what type blocker do you use on someone with a pheo as they wait for surgery
alpha blocker
2 abx that are first line treatment for endocaritits
vanco and ceftriaxone
2 abx that are first line treatment for endocaritits
vanco and ceftriaxone
Tx for PDA
Indomethacin
subacute endocarditits is often caused by what organism?
strep viridans
most common place for an aortic aneurysm
in the abdomen below the renal arteries
giant cell arteritis is associated with what rheumatologic condition?
polymyalgia rheumatica
a bisphasic p wave should make you think of what?
left atrial enlargement
Lead I has a QRS that is up and the AVF lead has
a QRS complex that is down. Does this represent
normal axis, left axis deviation or right axis
deviation?
left axis deviation
first line medication for symptomatic bradycardia
atropine
Tx for polymyalgia rheumatic
low dose prednisone
An EKG shows a regular rate of fifty beats per
minute. The QRS is narrow and there is no visible
P wave. What is the most likely diagnosis?
junctional rhythm
An EKG shows a regular rate of fifty beats per
minute. The QRS is narrow and there is no visible
P wave. What is the most likely diagnosis?
junctional rhythm
common cause of a junctional rhythm?
digitoxin toxicity
medication class used to lower triglycerides
fibric acid derivatives
Tall peaked P waves should make you think of what
diagnosis?
right atrial enlargement
1st line tx for genital warts?
imiquimod (aldara)
What two hormones are secreted by the posterior
pituitary?
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
ADH, vasopressin
most common pituitary adenoma
prolactinoma
diabetes insipidus is a lack of what hormone?
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
most common thyroid cancer
papillary
What medication might you use prior to
thyroidectomy in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Methimazole or propylthiouracil
PTU
What is the most common cause of
hypoparathyroid?
Post thyroidectomy with the
complication of parathyroidectomy
Tap on facial nerve and get a twitch
with low Ca.
Chvostek’s sign
Inflate BP cuff and hold for 3
minutes. Patient with low Ca will get
carpel tunnel symptoms.
Trousseau’s sign
Inflate BP cuff and hold for 3
minutes. Patient with low Ca will get
carpel tunnel symptoms.
Trousseau’s sign
What is the most common cause of
hyperparathyroidism?
Single parathyroid adenoma in 80%
of cases.
In Cushing’s disease is ACTH elevated or
decreased?
elevaged
ectopic tumors that may produce ACTH
and give a patient Cushing’s syndrome?
Small cell lung cancer, pancreatic
islet cells, thymomas.
What is the test to begin with if you suspect
pheochromocytoma?
24 hour urine for catecholamines.
Reduced insulin response between
5 and 8 am.
dawn phenomenon
How do sulfonylureas medications work?
stimulate inulin production
MOA of metformmin
Decreases the hepatic glucose
production and increases peripheral
glucose uptake.
5 criteria for metabolic syndrome
HDL 135/85, Triglycerides >150, Fasting
glucose >100, Waist >40 inches in
men >35 inches in women.
these findings make you think of what Moon face, buffalo hump, purple
strai, central obesity, supraclavicular
fat pads, easy bruising
cushing syndrome
What role does c-peptide play in the diagnosis of
diabetes?
it is a marker of insulin production.
Elevated C-peptide points to DM 2.
Decreased c-peptide points towards
DM 1.
What role does c-peptide play in the diagnosis of
diabetes?
it is a marker of insulin production.
Elevated C-peptide points to DM 2.
Decreased c-peptide points towards
DM 1.
What is a test for lactose intolerance?
hydrogen breath test
Sjogrens syndrome has what antibody markers?
Ro and Lo
acute sinusitits is most commonly caused by what 2 pathogens?
Strep pneumo and h. flu
List the time of year when each of the following
allergens is most prominent: pollen, grass, mold
and ragweed.
Pollen tree and flower = spring,
grasses are the summer, mold and
ragweed are fall.
List the four things that suggest group A beta
hemolytic strep in a patient with pharyngitis.
Fever, tender anterior cervical
adenopathy, no cough and an
exudate in the throat.
tx for epiglottits
2nd or 3rd gen cephalopsorin (cefuroxime, ceftriaxone)
What virus causes mumps?
Paramyxovirus
Acute swelling and pain in the cheek that increases
at meals. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Sialadenitis (salivary gland infection)
- Staph aureus.
A pateint with a history of smoking presents with
a new onset hoarsness. This has been persistant
for the past two weeks. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
A patient presents with acute onset of continuous
severe vertigo for the past five days. He does have
a history of URI 2 weeks ago. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
Labrynthitis
Both testicles should be descended by what age?
3 months
Maltese crosses in the urine should make you think
of what diagnosis?
nephrotic syndrome
What is the most likely diagnosis for a free floating,
painless, cystic mass found posterior and superior
to the testis?
spermatocele
tx for epididymitis?
ceftriaxone and doxycycline
1st line abx for prostatitis?
bactrim for 4-6 weeks
most common bladder cancer
transitional cell carcinoma
painless hematuria usually indicates what?
bladder cancer
painless hematuria usually indicates what?
bladder cancer
Name the condition in which the head of the penis
curves downward or upward, at the junction of
the head and shaft of the penis. (Hint: It is often
associated with hypospadias.)
Chordee
A 3 year old boy presents with hematuria and a
painless palpable abdominal mass. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
Wilms tumor
Muddy brown sediment in the urine should make
you think of what diagnosis?
acute tubular necrosis
Tea colored urine with red cell casts should make
you think of what diagnosis?
glomerularnephritis
A urine protein of >3.5 grams/day should make
you think of what diagnosis?
nephrotic syndrome
A urine protein of >3.5 grams/day should make
you think of what diagnosis?
nephrotic syndrome
At what age do you begin screening patients for
prostate cancer? What two tests are used?
At age 50 an annual digital rectal
exam and a PSA are recommended.
What is the most common type of testicular
cancer?
Nonseminoma
What molecule binds iron in the blood stream?
Transferrin
A low retic count and a normal serum ferritin
should make you think of what diagnosis?
anemia of chronic disease
How do you treat a sickle cell crisis?
Fluids, oxygen, pain medication,
transfusion may be necessary
Will unconjugated bilirubin be high or low in a
patient with sickle cell disease?
high
Which anemia should you think of if you see the
term Howell-Jolly bodies?
Sickle cell due to the functional
asplenia, but it may also show up in
folic acid deficiency.
G6PD deficiency follows what pattern of
inheritance?
x-linked
List the three diagnosis you should be thinking of if
a question includes Heinz bodies.
G6PD deficiency anemia, chronic liver
disease, alpha thalassemia.
What is Schilling’s test used for?
test for cause of B12 deficiency
disease states with basophilic stippling
Lead poisoning, Beta or alpha
thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia,
arsenic poisoning.
disease states with basophilic stippling
Lead poisoning, Beta or alpha
thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia,
arsenic poisoning.
Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of
what diagnosis?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
What is the treatment for pertussis?
erythromycin x 7 days
A leukemia patient has a CT of the liver which
shows punched out lesions. What diagnosis should
you be thinking of?
hepatsplenic candida
What disease does Rickettsia rickettsii cause?
Rocky mountain spotted fever
An inda ink stain showing cysts should make you
think of what diagnosis?
Cryptococcosis
A COPD patient has apical cavities and calcified
nodes on his chest x-ray. You also discover he has
a pet bat and a few birds. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Histoplasmosis
What type of organism causes botulism?
gram + rod clostrdium botulinum
tx for botulism
antitoxin
Rice water stool should make you think of what
diagnosis?
cholera
A stuck on grey membrane in the pharynx should
make you think of what diagnosis?
Diphtheria
What type of organism is tetanus?
A Gram + rod, Clostridium tetani
A patient ate out last night and today has cramping
and bloody diarrhea. What is the most likely
organism?
Salmonella
Diarrhea with blood and mucus should make you
think of what diagnosis?
shigella
What is the best test to diagnose malaria?
peripheral blood smear
tx for shigella
Bactrim or fluoroquinolones and
hydration.
What organism causes lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
What is the drug of choice to treat Lyme disease in
kids or pregnant women?
amoxicillin
What drug is used for the treatment or prophylaxis
of malaria?
chloroquine
A patient was camping a few days ago and now
has a rash that began on his wrists and ankles.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
rocky mountain spotted fever
DOC for rocky mountain spotted fever
doxycycline
Any reference to dark field microscopy should make
you think of what organism?
treponema pallidus (syphillis)
A patient being treated with penicillin for a syphilis
infection develops fever, chills, muscle pain and
headaches. Do you stop treatment?
No this is Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. The patient must be closely monitored, but it is a response to released endotoxin from the death of the spirochetes and not an allergic reaction.
tx for cholera
fluids
What is the current drug of choice for the
cytomegalovirus?
Ganciclovir
What is the current drug of choice for the
cytomegalovirus?
Ganciclovir
What is the first symptom of a rabies infection?
pain and anesthesia at the site of the bite
Name three serious reactions a patient may have
with the use of vancomycin??
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and
Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
What tests are done to screen for HIV?
ELISA and then if the positive
diagnosis is confirmed with a western
blot test.
What is the treatment for a tetanus infections?
Penicillin, immune globulin
and supportive care (especially
respiratory support)
How do hookworm larvae enter the body?
They penetrate the skin usually
through the soles of the feet.
DOC for toxoplasmosis (ring enhancing lesions on CT scan in an HIV positive patient)
bactrim
What drug do you use to treat pinworm?
You treat everyone in the house with
albendazole. Two weeks later you
treat them again.
A Gram positive organism in chains should make
you think of what diagnosis?
strep
A Gram negative diplococci should make you think
of what diagnosis?
neisseria
What is the most common prophylactic antibiotic
used preoperatively?
Cephalexin (Ancef)
What oral antibiotic can be used for pseudomonas?
ciprofloxacin
What class of antibiotics should you start with for community acquired pneumonia?
macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithrymycin)
Pizza pie retinopathy should make you think of
what diagnosis?
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
A patient presents complaining of a metallic taste
in her mouth and dark brown urine. What antibiotic
might she be on?
metronidazole (flagyl)
Name one oral medication that can be used for
MRSA.
linezolid and bactrim
Gummas or granulomatous nodules should make
you think of what diagnosis?
tertiary syphillis
Community acquired carditis is most often caused
by one of the HACEK organisms. List the HACEK
organisms.
Haemophilus, Actinobacillus,
Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella.
What is the best test for diagnosing rocky mountain
spotted fever?
Indirect Immunofluorescent
antibodies.
A Gram negative coccobaccili found in the sputum
of patient with pneumonia should make you think
of what diagonsis?
H. flu
A Gram negative coccobaccili found in the sputum
of patient with pneumonia should make you think
of what diagnosis?
H. flu
Purulent cervical discharge should make you think
of what diagnosis?
N gonorrhea
What three labs should you order if you are
considering secondary amenorrhea?
beta HCG, TSH, Prolactin
What is the most common uterine tumor?
Leiomyoma, also known as fibroids.
At what age is primary amenorrhea diagnosed?
Age 14 if no secondary sex
characteristics. Age 16 if some
secondary development.
What is the first line treatment for mastitis?
Dicloxacillin is fist line. Cephalexin or
erythromycin are second line.
At how many weeks of pregnancy can an
amniocentesis be done?
15-20 weeks
list some risk factors for breast cancer
BRCA1 or BRCA2 positive, unopposed
estrogen, nulliparity, early menarche,
late menopause
List two medications commonly used for
hypertension in pregnancy.
Methyldopa and labetalol
What is the classic triad of pre-eclampsia?
HTN, edema and proteinuria
preterm labor
20-37 weeks
A patient with primary amenorrhea and a low FSH
should make you think of what diagnosis?
Hypothalamic pituitary insufficiency.
risk factors for ovarian cancer
BRCA1, Family history, Nulliparity,
late menopause, caucasian, asian.
when does quickening occur
Nulliparous 18-20 weeks, multiparous
14-16 weeks.
RF for placental abruption
HTN, smoking, AMA, cocaine use,
PROM.
RF for placental abruption
HTN, smoking, AMA, cocaine use,
PROM.
What is the most common endometrial cancer?
75% are adenocarcinomas
A strawberry cervix with copious yellow/green
discharge should make you think of what
diagnosis?
trichomonas
What organism causes us to warn pregnant
patients to stay away from deli meats and soft
cheeses?
Listeria
What are two medications used to induce labor?
Cervidil (prostoglandin gel applied
to the cervix) which encourages
cervical rippening and oxytocin which
encourages uterine contractions.
As part of the antepartum testing a baby has a
positive stress test. What does that mean?
They have had two heart rate accelerations in a 20 minute period of 15 beats above baseline for at least 15 seconds. This is a good thing.
What is the most common type of ovarian cyst?
Functional cyst - no treatment
necessary.
risk factors for endometrial cancer.
Chronic unopposed estrogen,
nulliparity, early menarche, late
menopause, Tamoxifen, DM, obesity,
HTN, breast CA, ovarian CA
How many days after conception is a serum beta
HCG positive?
8
Grape like vesicles or a sack of grapes on
ultrasound should make you think of what
diagnosis?
Hydatidiform mole
What medication is used to increase surfactant
levels and help with lung maturity if you are
worried about preterm labor?
betamethasone
What are two tocolytic medications you should be
aware of?
Magnesium sulfate and calcium
channel blockers
Gestational diabetes puts mom and baby at
increased risk of for what three things?
Preeclampsia, macrosomia (traumatic
birth), slowing in fetal lung
development.
What medication(s) are used to treat a postpartum metritis?
Clindamycin and gentamicin together
Define procidentia.
Uterine prolapse beyond the the
introitus.
What is the formula for calculating estimated date
of confinement or due date?
First day of last menstrual period + 7
days - 3 months.
What is the formula for calculating estimated date
of confinement or due date?
First day of last menstrual period + 7
days - 3 months.
What is the #1 cause of retinal artery occlusion?
Carotid atherosclerotic disease.
A fundal exam shows a cherry red spot. What
diagnosis should you be thinking of?
central retinal artery occlusion
What should a primary care provider do for
presumed central retinal artery occlusion?
Ophthalmic emergency! Refer and
intermittent pressure and release of
the eye.
A patient presents with unilateral blurriness
developing over a few days. Fundal exam shows
a “blood and thunder” pattern. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
Central vein occlusion
What is appropriate treatment for central vein
occlusion?
Typically self limited. Treat underlying
disease.
Give two risk factors for glaucoma.
African American descent and
diabetes
What is the yellow, brown fleshy mass on the
conjunctiva which usually does not interfere with
vision?
Pinguecula
A fundal exam shows a cup to disc ratio of >0.5.
There are also vessels bending over the disc. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
A patient has metamorphopsia and a central blind
spot. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Macular degeneration
What is the most likely quadrant for a retinal
detachment?
Superior temporal
A patient presents with pain in one eye. The cornea
is hazy and the pupils are fixed. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
You notice drusen deposits on fundal exam. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
macular degeneration
type of distorted vision in which a grid of straight lines appears wavy and parts of the grid may appear blank. It is mainly associated with macular degeneration,
metamorphopsia
What is the most common way of testing for
metamorphopsia?
Amsler grid
A patient presents with irritated, burning and
tearing eyes. You notice some scurf and scales.
Where do you begin treatment?
This is blepharitis. Treatment begins
with good hygiene and moves on to
topical antibiotics if necessary.
A fundal exam shows an opalescent retina and
boxcarring of arterioles. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Central retinal artery occlusion.
What is the most common preceding event for
orbital cellulitis?
URI
You notice a bowing of the iris on exam. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
glaucoma
A patient presents with watery bilateral discharge
from the eyes and nontender preauricular
adenopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is the most common pathogen?
Viral conjunctivitis. Adenovirus.
What is the name for the the triangular or wedge
shaped growth on the conjunctiva that may
interfere with vision?
Pterygium
A patient having recently undergone cataract
surgery presents complaining of vision loss in the
operative eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?
retinal detachment
A patient presents with sudden painless complete
unilateral vision loss. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Central retinal artery occlusion
Which nerve is involved in herpes zoster
ophthalmicus?
Trigeminal nerve, CN 5
A patient presents with a dense corneal infiltrate
and an epithelial defect seen with fluorescein stain.
What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
corneal ulcer
A feathery border in an eye exam should make you
think of what diagnosis?
fungal infection
What is the first thing you should be thinking of if a
pediatric patient comes in with blood in the anterior
chamber of the eye (hyphema).
child abuse
What is the term for being nearsighted? What type
of lens do you use to correct it?
Myopia, concave lenses
What is the first line treatment for orbital cellulitis?
IV antibiotics, followed by 2 weeks of
oral antibiotics
What is the term for being farsighted? What type
of lens do you use to correct it?
Hyperopia, convex
What is the term for being farsighted? What type
of lens do you use to correct it?
Hyperopia, convex
A patient without a functioning spleen is more
susceptible to what type of organisms?
Encapsulated organisms most
commonly Strep pneumoniae and
H. Flu.
What occupations are associated with berylliosis?
Aerospace and nuclear plant
workers.
A noncaseating granuloma should make you think
of what diagnosis?
Sarcoidosis
A pearl formation on CXR should make you think of
what diagnosis?
squamous cell lung cancer
Mesothelioma is most commonly found in what
lung location?
80% are found in the pleural lining
What organism is the most common cause of
pneumonia in a patient with cystic fibrosis?
Pseudomonas
A college student presents with pneumonia. What
two organisms should you be thinking of?
Chlamydia and Mycoplasma
You suspect a pneumothorax. What instructions
should go along with the order for a chest x-ray?
It should be an end expiratory view
in order to look for visceral pleural
air.
Nodular opacities in the upper lung fields should
make you think of what diagnosis?
Silicosis
Caseating granulomas should make you think of
what diagnosis?
TB
What is the best test to diagnose bronchiectasis?
CT
What are the main side effects of isoniazid?
Hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy
Ethambutol has what major side effects?
Optic neuritis, red green vision loss
If you see a question with anything to do with rats
and the patient has pneumonia, what organism
should you be thinking of?
Yersinia pestis
If you see a question with anything to do with rats
and the patient has pneumonia, what organism
should you be thinking of?
Yersinia pestis
What is the most common organism causing
pneumonia in COPD patients?
Haemophilus influenzae
A patient has pneumonia with rust colored sputum.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Strep pneumonia
Any question about rabbits and pneumonia should
make you think of what diagnosis?
Tularemia
List six extrapulmonary complications of lung
cancer.
SPHERE - SVC syndrome, Pancoast
tumor, Horner’s syndrome, Endocrine
problems, Recurrent laryngeal
symptoms, Effusions (exudative)
What will the likely findings be on a CXR of a
patient with asbestosis?
Linear opacities at the bases with
pleural plaques.
What are the three most common cancers to
metastasize to the lungs?
Breast, liver and colon
Post tussive rales should make you think of what
diagnosis?
TB
Parenchymal metastasis and blebs on CXR should
make you think of what diagnosis?
emphysema
What two lung cancers are typically found centrally
on chest x-ray?
Small cell lung cancer and squamous
cell
What two lung cancers are typically found
peripherally on chest x-ray?
adenocarcinoma and Large cell
What two lung cancers are typically found
peripherally on chest x-ray?
adenocarcinoma and Large cell
Pertussis is most commonly treated with what
antibiotic?
erythromycin
List the four most common lung cancer will
metastasize to.
Bone, brain, adrenals and liver
If you come across a question where the patient
has erythema nodosum and an enlarged parotid
gland what is the most likely diagnosis?
Sarcoidosis
What is erythema nodosum?
Tender red nodules usually found on
the shins.
Paradoxical pulses may be found in what
pulmonary disorder?
asthma
An older patient presents with pneumonia and
diarrhea. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Legionella pneumonia
Eggshell opacities on the CXR should make you
think of what diagnosis?
Silicosis
List three causes of decreased tactile fremitus.
COPD, Asthma, pleural effusion,
pneumothorax
CXR shows vascular redistribution and blurred
vascular outlines. What is the most likely diagnosis?
CHF
most common location for an anal fissure?
posterior midline
what does hep b surface antigen (HBsAG) indicate?
active hep B infection
treatment for mallory weiss tear?
watchful waiting
2 treatments for esophageal strictures (from long term GERD)
PPIs, dilation of the esophagus
where is peptic ulcer disease most common
duodenum
with a gastric ulcer does food make the symptoms better or worse
worse
what levels will be elevated with gastrinoma
gastrin level >150
most gallstones are what type?
cholesterol
what is charcot’s triad? what does it suggest?
RUQ pain, fever, jaundice; cholangitis
what is reynolds pentad?
charcots triad + HPOTN and altered mental status. indicates high risk of sepsis
most common cause of peptic ulcer disease
H pylori
what does anti-HBc (hep B core antibody) indicate?
previous or ongoing Hep B infection
what antibody indicates immunization against Hep B?
Anti-HBs (hep B surface antibody)
what antibody indicates immunization against Hep B?
Anti-HBs (hep B surface antibody)
good beta blocker to reduce portal HTN
propranolol
umbilical ecchymosis often related to pancreatitis
Cullen sign
tumor marker for panceatric cancer
CA 19-9
term for painful swallowing
odynophagia
amoutn of fiber one should eat each day
30 grams
most common cause of a lower GI bleed
diverticulosis
is a direct or indirect hernia more likely to pass thorugh the scrtu
indirect
what does a string sign on barium swallow indicate?
pyloric stenosis
a patient on sulfasalazine for IBD should also receive what vitamin?
folate
most common cause of folate deficiency
alcoholism
most common cause of folate deficiency
alcoholism
other name for german measles
rubella
premature infant w/ hylaine membrane disease will have what on chet x-ray
atelectasis or ground glass appearance
seizures + mouse like urine odor =
PKU
pink rings on the trunk and inner surface of the limbs seen in rheumatic fever
eryethema marginatum
another names for measles
rubeola
staccato cough and no fever indicates what type of pneumona
chlamydia pneumo
what age should a child be able to use a spoon and stack 3-4 blocks?
18 months
by what age should a child be able to roll over?
4 months
adduct and internal rotation of the hips to check for hip dysplasia in a infant (name of test)
Barlow
medical term for crossed eyes
strabismus
