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PANCE > Cardiology - syncope, arterial, venous > Flashcards

Cardiology - syncope, arterial, venous Flashcards

1
Q

syncope when arising?

A

orthostatic hypotension

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2
Q

syncope when shaving?

A

carotid sinus hypersensitivity (bradycardia)

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3
Q

syncope during an argument?

A

older pt = myocardial ischemia

child = long QT

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4
Q

syncope with prolonged, motionless standing?

A

neurocardiogenic (vasovagal)

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5
Q

What does BP have to change for orthostatic hypotension?

A

> 20mmHg systolic

> 10mmHg diastolic

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6
Q

What test do you do to test for carotid hypersensitivity?

A

carotid sinus massage

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7
Q

when should you NOT perform carotid sinus massage?

A

if you ascultate a carotid bruit

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8
Q

How do you test for neurogenic syncope?

A

tilt table test

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9
Q

Peripheral artery ischemia s/s?

A

6 P’s

-pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, poikilothermia

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10
Q

what are causes of arterial embolism/thrombus?

A
  • afib, mitral stenosis

- local arterial trauma, septic emboli, endocarditis, hypercoagulable states

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11
Q

Treatment for arterial embolism/thrombus?

A
  • IV heparin
  • thrombolytics
  • angiography with thrombectomy
  • open thrombectomy
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12
Q

Treatment for arterial embolism/thrombus?

A
  • IV heparin
  • thrombolytics
  • angiography with thrombectomy
  • open thrombectomy
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13
Q

chronic inflammation of medium to large cranial blood vessels

A

giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)

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14
Q

what is associated with polymyaliga rheumatic?

A

giant cell arteritis

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15
Q

patient presents with severe temporal or occipital HA, amaurosis fugal (decreased unilateral vision), jaw claudication, pain on palpation of temporal artery, scalp tenderness

A

giant cell arteritis

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16
Q

What is the diagnostic study for giant cell arteritis?

A

temporal artery biopsy

17
Q

Treatment for giant cell arteritis?

A

high dose prednisone ASAP (try to avoid blindness)

18
Q

patient presents with claudication, paresthesia, erectile dysfunction, atrophic skin, hair loss, history of HTN

A

peripheral artery disease

-obstruction or narrowing of vessels causing disruption of flow

19
Q

What is the gold standard for peripheral artery disease?

A

angiography

20
Q

Treatment for peripheral artery disease?

A
  • control lipids
  • antiplatelet
  • stent or bypass prn

NO BB = worsen claudication

21
Q

What is inflammation of the wall of a vein?

A

phlebitis

22
Q

focal venous pain, tenderness, induration, palpable cord, erythema, recent trauma, IV catheter, IV drug use

A

phlebitis

23
Q

Treatment for phlebitis?

A
  • elevation
  • warm/cool compress
  • NSAID
24
Q

phlebitis + associated thrombosis?

A

thrombophlebitis

25
Q

Treatment for thrombophlebitis?

A

LMWH x1 month

26
Q

Treatment for varicose veins?

A
  • elevation
  • compression
  • exercise

-surgery (if severe)

27
Q

leg is heavy, edema, pain, stasis dermatitis, non healing ulcer (medial malleolus)

A

venous insufficiency

28
Q

What is a test to determine valve competency?

A

Brodie-Trendelenburg

would get a LE US to r/o DVT = when venous insufficiency

29
Q

Treatment for venous insufficiency?

A

compression = decrease hydrostatic pressure and increase capillary flow

30
Q

What is Virchow’s Triad?

A

DVT

  1. stasis (postop, immobile, venous insufficiency
  2. hyper coagulable state (factor V, OCP, pregnancy)
  3. trauma - surgery, cellulitis, endothelial injury
31
Q

DVT prophylaxis?

A

heparin SC q8h

lovenox 30-40mg SC q24 h

32
Q

DVT prophylaxis?

A

heparin SC q8h

lovenox 30-40mg SC q24 h

33
Q

DVT physical exam?

A
  • increased calf diameter
  • calf tenderness
  • edema
  • asympomatic
    • homan sign
34
Q

DVT Treatment?

A

IV heparin — then warfarin

if recurrent = lifetime antigoaculation
- may consider IVC filter

PANCE (16 decks)

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